Kisah Batman sang superhero yang sangat terkenal itu kembali bisa kita mainkan dalam game versi terbaru dari Batman, yang diberi judul Batman Arkham Knight, Batman Arkham Knight akan menceritakan tentang kisah dari Bruce Wayne tokoh utama batman dalam game ini, Scarecrow mengancam akan melepaskan gas berbahaya ke Gotham City. Sehingga Batman harus turun tangan dalam hal ini untuk membuat kondisi sebaik mungkin, selain itu Batman juga akan berhadapan dengan karakter antagonis bernama Arkham Knight, yang merupakan karakter khusus yang ada pada game Batman Arkham Knight. Dalam game ini para pemain dapat mengontrol Tony Stark dalam pakaian lapis bajanya yaitu Iron Man. Di bekali dengan persenjataan canggih di Iron Man ini pemain dapat menyerang musuh hingga musuh tersebut lenyap. Download Game Ringan, Free Download Game PC. Demikian Postingan saya mengenai Kumpulan Game Adventure Action Petualangan untuk PC Komputer Laptop. Permainan ini juga menawarkan 18 variasi pakaian lapis baja Iron Man untuk menyesuaikan karakter dalam permainan. Selain itu dalam game ini juga di perkaya grafis gambar 3D modern dengan soundtrack efek suara mengagumkan yang membuat permainan terasa lebih real. Ingin memiliki permainan ini? Download segera game populer sangat seru ini dan mainkan pertualangan Iron Man untuk menghajar semua musuhnya. Game yang biasa disingkat dengan GOW2 adalah sebuah game keren yang dikembangkan oleh Santa Monica Studio. Game God of War 2 pertamakali dirilis pada 13 Maret 2007 untuk mesin Sony. Gamers yang biasa memainkan permainan PS2 mungkin sudah sering memainkan seri GOW2. 'Kratos' sang dewa perang merupakan karakter fiksi protagonis dalam game tersebut. Sebelum GOW2 dirilis, game GOW sudah muncul dalam seri pertama tepat dua tahun sebelumnya yakni pada tahun 2005. Dan beberapa tahun belakangan GOW3 juga telah dirilis untuk mesin Sony Play Station 3. Game God of War 2 for PC ini merupakan game lanjutan dari pendahulunya. Dengan tampilan grafis yang sangat nyata dan plot cerita yang mengagumkan tak salah jika Game GOW 2 pernah menyabet penghargaan 'Game of The Year' dari 'Academy of Interactive Art and Sciences'. Game ini bertema Mitologi Yunani yang kental dimana kita akan menemukan banyak karakter selama permainan seperti Pegasus, Cyclop, Minotaur, Gaia, Gorgon, Centaur, Phoenix, dan dewa dewa seperti Zeus, Hera, Olympic, Ares, dll GAMEPLAY GOD OF WAR 2 PC Walaupun Kratos telah menjadi Dewa Perang (setelah membunuh Ares dalam God of War seri pertama) ia tak nyaman duduk di singgasana dewanya. Ambisinya akan perang perang dan perang membuat Zeus geram, sehingga dalam seri GOW2 Zeuslah yang menjadi musuh utama Kratos. Tetapi sebelum melawan Zeus ada beberapa Boss yang harus dikalahkan mulai dari Colossus, Theseus, Barbarian King, Lahkesis, Atropos, dll DAFTAR SENJATA DAN MAGIC GOD OF WAR 2 Senjata: • Blade of Olympus • Spear of Destiny • Barbarian Hammer • Athena's Blade Magic: • Typhon's Bane • Cronos Rage • Head of Euryale • Atlas Quake Gamers bisa upgrade level senjata dan magic dengan cara mengumpulkan Orbs selama permainan. PANDUAN BERMAIN GAME GOD OF WAR 2 Jika Gamers merasa kesulitan bermain sendiri untuk menamatkan game ini, Anda bisa download Ebook dan mengikuti panduan bermain God of War 2 pada artikel. Ebook tersebut mengulas keseluruhan isi game dan jalannya permainan. GOD OF WAR 2 PC PART 1 (Link: GOD OF WAR 2 PC PART 2 (Link: GOD OF WAR 2 PC PART 3 (Link: Setelah selesai download ketiga file diatas, silahkan gabungkan filenya menggunakan WinRar atau HJ Split agar bisa langsung di Install. Contoh cara menggabungkan file game dari beberapa bagian menjadi satu bagian utuh bisa dilihat pada artikel. SPESIFIKASI MINIMUM PC: • System: Windows XP / Vista / 7 • Pentium 4 @ 2,4 GHz • RAM: 1 GB or Higher • HDD: 1,5 GB Free Disk Space • 128 Mb VGA Memory • DirectX 9.0 ( ) CARA MEMAINKAN GAME GOW 2 DI PC: • Setelah file berhasil di download, kemudian gabungkan. • Extract Filenya • Buka file >> Setup.exe • Apabila proses instal selesai, buka >> God of War II.exe • Game siap dimainkan. Demikianlah informasi seputar. Semoga sobat gamer terhibur. Happy Gaming. UPDATE: Bagi gamer yang ingin menggunakan USB JOYSTICK untuk memainkan God of War 2 ataupun ingin mengubah konfigurasi Controler, silahkan lihat pada tutorial. Ingin main game God of War di Android gratis? Simak artikel berikut:. Disney's Hercules is an action platformer game for Windows 95 and Playstation published in 1997 by Disney Interactive, based on the animated movie of the same name. If you have problems running it, use Alt+Enter to exit full screen and play in window mode. To extract the 7z archive, use the password 'hercules'. Controls: Cursors to move Hercules, Z to jump, X to use the sword, C to punch. SPACE to pause. Note for Mac Users: when the game starts, the window will be minimized. You have to click it to open it. Then open the Display menu (on the top left) and select 640x480. At that point the game should run normally Note for PC users: this is an updated version, now working also on Windows 8 and 10!
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What if — whoosh, right now, with no explanation — a number of us simply vanished? Would some of us collapse? Would others of us go on, one foot in front of the other, as we did before the world turned upside down? That's what the bewildered citizens of Mapleton, who lost many of their neighbors, friends and lovers in the event known as the Sudden Departure, have to figure What if — whoosh, right now, with no explanation — a number of us simply vanished? Would some of us collapse? Would others of us go on, one foot in front of the other, as we did before the world turned upside down? Kilauea; Mount Etna; Mount Yasur; Mount Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira; Piton de la Fournaise; Erta Ale. HBO's “The Leftovers” began with the Sudden Departure, the random, instant disappearance, one Oct. 14, of 2 percent of the Earth's population. The first season of the series, based on a novel by Tom Perrotta, probed the effects of the never-explained catastrophe on those left behind. Part 1 of a Q&A with author of THE. That's what the bewildered citizens of Mapleton, who lost many of their neighbors, friends and lovers in the event known as the Sudden Departure, have to figure out. Because nothing has been the same since it happened — not marriages, not friendships, not even the relationships between parents and children. Kevin Garvey, Mapleton's new mayor, wants to speed up the healing process, to bring a sense of renewed hope and purpose to his traumatized community. Kevin's own family has fallen apart in the wake of the disaster: his wife, Laurie, has left to join the Guilty Remnant, a homegrown cult whose members take a vow of silence; his son, Tom, is gone, too, dropping out of college to follow a sketchy prophet named Holy Wayne. Only Kevin's teenaged daughter, Jill, remains, and she's definitely not the sweet 'A' student she used to be. Kevin wants to help her, but he's distracted by his growing relationship with Nora Durst, a woman who lost her entire family on October 14th and is still reeling from the tragedy, even as she struggles to move beyond it and make a new start. With heart, intelligence and a rare ability to illuminate the struggles inherent in ordinary lives, Tom Perrotta has written a startling, thought-provoking novel about love, connection and loss. This review has been hidden because it contains spoilers. To view it, Tom Perrotta, I don't know. Your characters always start out so intriguing at the beginning of your books, but then you throw too much weird superfluous stuff into the mix. Couldn't you have focused a little more adroitly on two or three things, instead of the five or six lives you thought worthy of documentation? Couldn't we have done away with the seemingly tacked-on Christine/Tom/baby/Holy Wayne business and maybe had a little more about with the cult members killing each other, since one plo Tom Perrotta, I don't know. Your characters always start out so intriguing at the beginning of your books, but then you throw too much weird superfluous stuff into the mix. Couldn't you have focused a little more adroitly on two or three things, instead of the five or six lives you thought worthy of documentation? Couldn't we have done away with the seemingly tacked-on Christine/Tom/baby/Holy Wayne business and maybe had a little more about with the cult members killing each other, since one plotline was pretty spooky and the other kind of boring? It's an interesting concept to look at the people left behind after a supposed rapture has taken place, but true to form, everyone runs out of steam by the end of the book and I run out of interest. And Nora - my god, I went from being so sympathetic to Nora and wanting to give her a big hug to wanting to absolutely strangle her. Millions of people vanish in the blink of an eye leaving everyone left on Earth feeling like God just told them, “It’s not you, it’s me.” It’s been three years since the Sudden Departure, and the mayor of Mapleton, Kevin Garvey, is trying to get the town back to a feeling of normalcy. However, Kevin’s family was profoundly impacted by the disappearances. His wife Laurie has left him to join a cult of white-clad chain smokers called the Guilty Remnant who silently stalk people while son Tom dropp Millions of people vanish in the blink of an eye leaving everyone left on Earth feeling like God just told them, “It’s not you, it’s me.” It’s been three years since the Sudden Departure, and the mayor of Mapleton, Kevin Garvey, is trying to get the town back to a feeling of normalcy. However, Kevin’s family was profoundly impacted by the disappearances. His wife Laurie has left him to join a cult of white-clad chain smokers called the Guilty Remnant who silently stalk people while son Tom dropped out of college to follow a man called Holy Wayne who offers hugs as comfort. Kevin is left with his teenage daughter Jill and her best friend who has moved in with them to get away from the creepy stepfather she was left with when her mom went poof. The girls are blowing off class to get drunk and high at parties that seem more depressing than fun. Another key figure in Mapleton is Nora Durst whose husband and two children vanished, and she’s been made a reluctant symbol of the mass loss. While there are no definite answers as to what exactly happened to the missing people; the implication is that most of them believe deep down that this was a religious judgment of some kind. However, while it seems to fit the template of the Christian Rapture, people of all faiths from all over the world were taken while some hard core believers were not, and those who vanished were seemingly just as flawed in their lives as those who remain. So those left behind walk around feeling like they were judged and found wanting. Even worse is that since they don’t know what the criteria was, there’s no way to know why they didn't make the cut. The real bitch of this is because these people have realized that the biggest event in human history occurred, and they were left out of it. Now they’re supposed to.what? Study for a test? Start a softball league? There’s an unspoken belief among them that the real story is taking place with the people who departed, and the ones left are just a minor footnote at best. That’s the creepy vibe that haunts the book and makes the idea really work. There aren’t any huge apocalyptic battles to fight or horrors to endure, just that feeling that they’ve been abandoned and not knowing how to react to it. Can any of them find a reason to go on? Is it even worth trying? I read this after seeing the TV series on HBO which I found disturbing on a lot of levels. While the basic plot and most of the characters are the same, the show seems to be hinting that there is still something looming, that this was just the first act which makes sense since most of the book's plot was used in the first season so it needs more story to tell. That gives the show a different spin because there’s more rage and craziness while the book is more about quiet despair. Let me start with the good: I liked that the Rapture occurred (or at least that is what it appears to be), but everyone pretty much goes about their daily lives, trying to find love, friendship, job, etc. Now the bad: the whole 'Rapture' background is dispensable. It could've been anything. The major plot lines involve a cult and a man who lost his wife, which could be set right now. So, if you're looking for a cool religious/Sci-fi spin, you'll be somewhat disappointed. It's actually more like a Let me start with the good: I liked that the Rapture occurred (or at least that is what it appears to be), but everyone pretty much goes about their daily lives, trying to find love, friendship, job, etc. Now the bad: the whole 'Rapture' background is dispensable. It could've been anything. The major plot lines involve a cult and a man who lost his wife, which could be set right now. So, if you're looking for a cool religious/Sci-fi spin, you'll be somewhat disappointed. It's actually more like a Nora Roberts novel, but with an intro chapter referring to a large group of background characters who go missing (but really add nothing to the story anyways). Also, the characters are incredibly stiff. Within chapters, the author moves from one character to the next, making it feel like he's just catching you up on the scenes as they play out. I thought several interesting story lines burned out because the writing was so dull. Last but not least, the ending. Seriously, that's it? If this was written to be a series, the characters were too dull for me to care. If it was written as a stand alone novel, the ending is horrible. I wasn't disappointed AT ALL!!!!! After enjoying. 'Commonwealth', by Ann Patchett recently, I wanted another contemporary type novel involving community- social graces/human dealings. This fit the bill: families falling apart.relationships.struggles.tragedy.emotional drama.style & tack. I wasn't too concerned about 'context' of Tom Perrotta's novel 'The Leftovers', because his 'content' was sooooo friggin-gripping-engaging. I was aware of a bigger story going on throughout this I wasn't disappointed AT ALL!!!!! After enjoying. 'Commonwealth', by Ann Patchett recently, I wanted another contemporary type novel involving community- social graces/human dealings. This fit the bill: families falling apart.relationships.struggles.tragedy.emotional drama.style & tack. I wasn't too concerned about 'context' of Tom Perrotta's novel 'The Leftovers', because his 'content' was sooooo friggin-gripping-engaging. I was aware of a bigger story going on throughout this novel. Citizens in Mapleton were mystified over lost family members, friends, lovers, and neighbors. Almost half of the world's population seems to have vanished in the Rapture. There doesn't seem to be any logical reason either for who vanished - and who didn't. As the reader', it seems to me, that I had a choice - I could spend my energy trying to figure out 'the logic'.to the plot, (maybe the end of the book would even validate my efforts with a satisfying conclusion).or. Enjoy the 'ride' itself. I chose to enjoy the ride. Tom Perrotta's ride was entertaining. His storytelling was a 'kick-of-fun'.( messy) I haven't much in the way of anything intellectual to say about the religious believers or non believers.( I pretty much knew how I felt on issues -so my own faith remained the same). I simply LOVE THE GRITTY DETAILS.the flawed characters.and the dialogue! I loved the storytelling - of characters Kevin Garvey, - his wife Laurie, his son Tom, daughter Jill, Aimee. ( Jill's friend), Holy Wayne, Nora Durst.etc. There are some funny ( shaking your head), scenes. A LITTLE EXCERPT.( background > Aimee is Jill's friend. They are both in High School. Jill's mother left to join a cult-called the 'Guilty Remnant'. Aimee has been staying at Jill's house - about 3 months so far. She says she can't go home. Kevin, Jill's dad.has very little parental control). EXCERPT: Jill and Aimee headed out right after dinner, cheerfully informing Kevin, that they didn't know where they are going, what they were doing, who they would be with, or when they might be home. 'It's a school night,' Kevin reminded them, not bothering to add, as he sometimes did that it was odd going nowhere and doing nothing could take up so much time. The joke just didn't seem that funny anymore. 'Why don't you try to stay sober for once? See what it's like to wake up in the morning with a clear head'. The girls nodded earnestly, assuring him that they had every intention of heeding this excellent advice. 'And be careful,' he continued. There are a lot of freaks out there'. Aimee grunted knowingly, as if to say that no one needed to tell her about freaks. She was wearing kneesocks and a short cheerleader skirt – – light blue, not the maroon and gold of Mapleton High--and deployed her usual unsuitable arsenal of cosmetics. 'We'll be careful,' she promised. Jill roll her eyes, unimpressed by her friends good-girl act. 'You're the biggest freak of all', she told Aimee. Then to Kevin, she added, 'She's the one people need to watch out for.' Aimee protested, but it was hard to take her seriously, given that she looked less like an innocent schoolgirl and a stripper halfheartedly pretending to be one. Jill gave the opposite impression – – a scrawny child playing dress-up – – in her cuffed jeans and the oversized suede coat she'd borrowed from her mother's closet. Kevin experienced the usual mixed feelings seeing them together: a vague sadness for his daughter, who was so clearly the sidekick in this duo, but also a kind of relief rooted in the thought--or at least the hope – –that her unprepossessing appearance might function as a form of protective camouflage out in the world'. I LIKE THIS NOVEL!!! *A few historical events that REALLY happened on the day Oct. 14th.530: Discorus ends his reign as Catholic anti-Pope.1492: Columbus Leaves San Salvador; arrives in Santa Maria of Concepcion (Bahamas).1884: George Eastman patents paper-strip photographic film ( Kodak Company).1905: NY Giants beats Phila A's 4 games to 1 in 2nd World Series.1926: AA Milne's book 'Winnie the Pooh' released.1957: Queen Elizabeth II becomes the first Canadian monarch to open the Parliament of Canada with the speech from the Throne.1960: Peace Corps 1st suggested by JFK.1964: Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., announced as winner of the Nobel peace prize.1979: NBC premiere of US TV adaption of Helen Keller's life story 'The Miracle Worker'.1986: Elie Wiesel wins Nobel Peace Prize. This is quite the literary year for ordinary families becoming enmeshed in extraordinary, indeed, catastrophic, situations. Erik Larson, in The Garden of the Beast, portrays an all-American family at the cusp of the horrendous Hitler years. And now Tom Perrotta one-ups him by introducing the Garveysa suburban family who was left behind in the aftermath of a Rapture-like event. To his credit, Tom Perrotta drinks no Kool-aid. Before the event occurs, one character says this about the Rapture: “It This is quite the literary year for ordinary families becoming enmeshed in extraordinary, indeed, catastrophic, situations. Erik Larson, in The Garden of the Beast, portrays an all-American family at the cusp of the horrendous Hitler years. And now Tom Perrotta one-ups him by introducing the Garveysa suburban family who was left behind in the aftermath of a Rapture-like event. To his credit, Tom Perrotta drinks no Kool-aid. Before the event occurs, one character says this about the Rapture: “It felt like religious kitsch, as tacky as a black velvet painting, the kind of fantasy that appealed to people who ate too much fried food, spanked their kids, and had no problem with the theory that their loving God invented AIDS to punish the gays.” Yet suddenly – whoosh! – millions of people simply vanish, including John Mellencamp and J.Lo, Shaq and Adam Sandler Miss Texas and Greta Van Susteren, Vladmir Putin and the Pope. There seems to rhyme or reason as to who disappears. What has happened? No one knows and Tom Perrotta doesn’t even speculate. He wisely leaves it to the imagination of the reader. His focus is not on the “big event”, but rather how those who remain find the will to survive afterward. Some of them – Laurie Garvey, the mother, for example – join Guilty Remnant, a ragtag group that dress in white, continually smoke cancer sticks, and “stand before you as living reminders of God’s awesome power.” Others follow a self-proclaimed messiah, Holy Wayne, who promises to “take on their pain.” And the majority just struggles by – trying to find some meaning in college classes, council meetings, community dances. They try to move forward while grieving the departed and getting by in a world where consumerism, politics, conventional religion, and mindless entertainment have lost their meaning. Kevin Garvey – the father and also the mayor – thinks, “He’d seen this process before: It didn’t matter what happened in the world – genocidal wars, natural disasters, unspeakable crimes, mass disappearances, whatever – eventually people got tired of brooding about it. Time moved on, seasons changed, individuals withdrew into their private lives, turned their faces toward the sun. On balance, it was a good thing.” It’s an ambitious theme that Tom Perrotta takes on – how diminished we are when something vital is being subtracted from our lives, but how we somehow put one foot in front of the other. Perhaps a little too ambitious. The grandness of the apocalyptic event is always lurking in the background, making the players who strut and fret their last hours on stage seem rather ordinary. It seemed to me that the random mystery of a devastating event would have created a universal clamor to find out why; otherwise, how to go on? Tom Perrotta is an engaging writer but at the end of the day, I need to know more about “the end of the day.”. SHORT REVIEW: What Conan the Barbarian was to High Fantasy, The Leftovers is to Mid-Life Crisis Fantasy. No, that's too kind. SHORT REVIEW #2: A book so OK it hurts. ANOTHER SHORTY: I liked this better the first time, when it was called American Beauty. LONG REVIEW: Reading this book was like heading down a playground slide made of glass. It starts off fun, but soon the smooth, featureless texture is burning your skin and all you can see is the cold, rocky ground waiting for you at the end. And the SHORT REVIEW: What Conan the Barbarian was to High Fantasy, The Leftovers is to Mid-Life Crisis Fantasy. No, that's too kind. SHORT REVIEW #2: A book so OK it hurts. ANOTHER SHORTY: I liked this better the first time, when it was called American Beauty. LONG REVIEW: Reading this book was like heading down a playground slide made of glass. It starts off fun, but soon the smooth, featureless texture is burning your skin and all you can see is the cold, rocky ground waiting for you at the end. And then you hit the rocky ground and it is worse than you imagined. Speaking of bad comparisons, The Rapture, the author claims, is a metaphor for dealing with grief and loss. Yet, no one in this book deals with grief or loss in any positive fashion. If this was meant to be a strictly humorous book, the multiple negative endings might have wrapped up as punch lines to their various character arcs. However, as the book runs out of irony somewhere at the half way point, the conclusion to the novel is about as downbeat as they come. The real irony is that this well told tale of mediocrity in the face of extraordinary change never becomes more than a mediocre reflection of itself. Never, have I ever wanted an author to pull a George RR Martin the way I wanted it to happen in The Leftovers. WHO WANTS TO BE A MARTYR? The caption asked. Yeah.there was not as much of this as I'd hoped. Up until the last few pages, I was somewhat enjoying the book, happy sunshine (oh wow, I accidentally typed happy sunshit and had to correct that. I might have just coined a new term.) and all. Okay, so there wasn't actually a whole lot of happy or sunshine going on, but compared to the sho Never, have I ever wanted an author to pull a George RR Martin the way I wanted it to happen in The Leftovers. WHO WANTS TO BE A MARTYR? The caption asked. Yeah.there was not as much of this as I'd hoped. Up until the last few pages, I was somewhat enjoying the book, happy sunshine (oh wow, I accidentally typed happy sunshit and had to correct that. I might have just coined a new term.) and all. Okay, so there wasn't actually a whole lot of happy or sunshine going on, but compared to the show, this book was very light on the drama. Why I picked up The Leftovers: I was on a 'need to know' basis regarding all of the information that the show is leaving out for now. DEAR LORD, THEY GIVE NOTHING AWAY ON THE SHOW. Season 1 is almost over and I was still struggling to figure out what the entire purpose of the Guilty Remnant cult was about. Within a few minutes of picking up the book, I had that AH HAH! Why the show felt the need to have to withold info that the book gave away up front, I don't know. I guess it lends to the aura of darkness and mystery that the show has, which the book DOES NOT HAVE. Okay, so there was one scene toward the end which was a bit of a trip, but that's the only crumb we got. Show: Even with all of the frustration and lack of info, the show wins because the show actually seems to have a backbone. Laurie on the show is kind of a bitch. Nora on the show is kind of a bitch. I also like that. Both of these characters in the book are weak and boring (and in the case of Nora, downright disposable). But again, the book itself wasn't all that bad of a read. It just wasn't very developed either, past the point of showing people surviving their day to day existence after their loved ones vanished into thin air without explanation. At least the show has more depth to it (so far). This is where the problem comes in: when the entire premise of a book revolves around PEOPLE DISAPPEARING INTO THIN AIR, the reader might decide at some point that they care more about the disappearance than the people who were left around to cope. Oh sure, at first it's this big psychological draw, watching people in their struggle to figure out how to be normal again.until it's not. 'The world went back to sleep,' she said. 'It's our duty to wake it up.' Surely, the ending was going to give up the goods. I just had to know what had caused the disappearance, and if the missing would ever come back. Here comes the spoiler - [Not one damn thing happens. Everyone goes on living their life. Well, except for the whole 'who wants to be a martyr?' Situation which kind of ended badly for some characters. But other than that, there's nothing. No explanations. No thought processes. Open endings of this magnitude piss me off. Even if there'd just been one person musing at the end about how 'one random idea' could have been the reason for the disappearance, I would have been okay. Give me just one hint as to a possible reason - just one. Even if it wasn't going to be a case solved, I could have handled a glimpse, or a clue, or even a hair-brained idea. ] The Guilty Remnant weren't exactly the reliable source, after all. I don't count my read as wasted time, but if the only reason you want to pick this book up is to get some answers, just read this: [The Guilty Remnant believe that they're proving themselves worthy for God's return. They see smoking as a show of them not being afraid to die. They see martyrdom as a way to keep the 'rapture' fresh in people's minds. If people remember, they feel guilty. If they feel guilty, they may seek out the remnant. ] Sorry for the weird review. If you don't watch the show, this review probably makes no sense. If you don't watch the show, I wouldn't bother with the book anyway. So there we go.;). Have you ever read one of those books where it feels like the middle part of a trilogy, like all the action happened just before the first page and then kicks into gear right on the last page? I guess it doesn't matter if you've read one like that or not. That little description makes sense enough, right? Okay, how about this: When I get a pizza, the first slice is awesome. Because I was so hungry and anticipating it. And then you get into a cycle of diminishing returns about three slices in. Then Have you ever read one of those books where it feels like the middle part of a trilogy, like all the action happened just before the first page and then kicks into gear right on the last page? I guess it doesn't matter if you've read one like that or not. That little description makes sense enough, right? Okay, how about this: When I get a pizza, the first slice is awesome. Because I was so hungry and anticipating it. And then you get into a cycle of diminishing returns about three slices in. Then it just becomes another food, what you're eating for that meal and nothing more. But THEN, you have the LEFTOVERS (haha!) the next day, and they are awesome again. The bookends of pizza are awesome, but the middle is kind of lame. Nothing really happens, and it's just an unnecessary way of getting you from the beginning of the pizza to the end. A smarter man would eat a few slices on day one, and then a second set the next day, after which the pizza could go out. A smarter man would have also read the setup in this book, then skipped to the end to see what all happened without slogging through a lot of.I don't know what. What's so weird about this book is that other than the setup, a large portion of the population mysteriously disappearing all at the same time, there's almost nothing really remarkable about what happens. It's all kind of mundane. It's realistic. Well, except for the rising up of a cult of people who don't talk (except when they do) and smoke all the time (except when they don't) and are pretty much harmless (except when they aren't). Plus, nobody mentions the benefits. -Shorter lines everywhere. -Less traffic. -Free day at the zoo becomes tolerable again. Anyway, if you're considering this book, I'd say reconsider. It's fine overall, but you can find what you're looking for somewhere else that'll be preferable, whether it's suburban drama, attempting to put a shape to loss, or a miracle baby. This is about the cult of cults, a very fascinating topic. Its something that baffles me, and thinking about joining a collective of weirdos (which is the reason I naturally avoid malls and Wal-Mart) gives me the willies. Anyway, the thing about Perrotta is that his work, as terrific or as pedestrian as it is, is insanely readable and 'getting into it' is easy and fun. His books are given the usual three stars by me, but it really means something that some of his novels have made terrific films This is about the cult of cults, a very fascinating topic. Its something that baffles me, and thinking about joining a collective of weirdos (which is the reason I naturally avoid malls and Wal-Mart) gives me the willies. Anyway, the thing about Perrotta is that his work, as terrific or as pedestrian as it is, is insanely readable and 'getting into it' is easy and fun. His books are given the usual three stars by me, but it really means something that some of his novels have made terrific films ('Election,' 'Little Children'). (I only need time to read everything of his, minus 'L. And, my favorite, 'Joe College'.) Another genuine Perrottatism is the ambiguous ('sloppy' or 'moralizing'? I need to KNOW!!) endings--they require, at times, ample time for digestion. This one, sorry for the SPOILER, is no exception. It is askew, ambitious. But then, it kinda does have a hard time being about national themes of global catastrophe (such as The Rapture, The Apocalypse) and the personal minutiae in which they are somehow played out. Perrotta's scale is incredibly, claustrophobically small. But then again: this is why he was named by a critic as a 'Steinbeck of suburbia.' This one disappoints in that the cataclysm is a catalyst which affords the opportunity for the vanilla-ish characters to think of extraordinary and ordinary thinks alike, and everybody makes uber rotten decisions (which is nothing different than being married or having a death in the family). No, there is something rather paint-it-by-numbers here. But still, I must reiterate that I must read everything else. At least the guy sure knows how to entertain! What if there suddenly were a 'Rapture' or something like it, where millions of people around the world disappeared in an instant, vaporized into nothingness? How would those left behind cope with such an amazing and inexplicable development? Such is the premise of Tom Perrotta's The Leftovers, which focuses on the small town of Mapleton and on the family of the newly-elected mayor, Kevin Garvey. Everyone in town has been affected by the event and large numbers of people have been traumatized, th What if there suddenly were a 'Rapture' or something like it, where millions of people around the world disappeared in an instant, vaporized into nothingness? How would those left behind cope with such an amazing and inexplicable development? Such is the premise of Tom Perrotta's The Leftovers, which focuses on the small town of Mapleton and on the family of the newly-elected mayor, Kevin Garvey. Everyone in town has been affected by the event and large numbers of people have been traumatized, though no one knows exactly what has happened. Some fervently believe that this was, in fact, the Rapture for which some Christians have long awaited, though some of the 'leftover' Christians cannot understand why some Muslims, Jews and others were carried away while they were left behind. Many non-believers refuse to accept this explanation and attribute the disappearance to some strange phenomenon that no one can understand. Over time, the event becomes known as the 'Sudden Departure,' and people react in a variety of ways. Some join religious cults, expecting that the End Days are near. Others attempt to return to a 'normal' life, as if nothing had happened. Large numbers of people are, understandably, traumatized and cannot get over the loss of the family members and friends who so abruptly left their lives. As is clear from his previous book,, Perrotta has a keen insight into modern suburban life. In this book, he has created a memorable cast of characters and he examines their lives with sympathy, wit and wisdom. This is a very enjoyable and compelling book that will leave readers thinking about its premise and about its characters for a very long time. What the shit did I just read? Truly, I’m at a loss for words. [Brain just mush; mush-begets-mush] I don’t think this will be a review in the typical sense, more of a purging. [Backstory: my Better Half reallyreallyreally loves the show The Leftovers. I refuse to watch on the simple grounds that I don’t watch television. I read, why would I watch TV? She wants to talk to me about the show and I don’t know a thing about it. She says, ‘it was a book—I’ll b What the shit did I just read? Truly, I’m at a loss for words. [Brain just mush; mush-begets-mush] I don’t think this will be a review in the typical sense, more of a purging. [Backstory: my Better Half reallyreallyreally loves the show The Leftovers. I refuse to watch on the simple grounds that I don’t watch television. I read, why would I watch TV? She wants to talk to me about the show and I don’t know a thing about it. She says, ‘it was a book—I’ll buy you the book and then you’ll know what I’m talking about.’ Since I love her to the end of this world and the next, I agree. INTERRUPTION: lest you think my wife a troglodyte, don’t. She hasn’t read this abomination. She was simply trying to find a common-ground for us to share. That she had to go to such extreme lengths to get me to participate in something outside my hermitage is actually a reflection on my deficits and certainly not hers. END INTERRUPTION AND BACKSTORY] Is this what people read? I don’t mean you, you hard-reading bastards; you’re all serious readers. I mean ‘people.’ Y’know, like people people? The one’s who buy books at the supermarket, or buy a book randomly because it ‘looks interesting’ (translation: nifty cover art)? ‘Cause if so, holy shit, my friends—we have a crisis of epidemical proportion on our hands. This is THE lowest-common denominator, the dregs. I wanted this book to mimic its subject matter: disappear; gone— poof!—vanished from my sight forever. It was that pitiable, and I’m not being dramatic. I don’t hate-read, and to each-their-own, but this is just a waste of trees. Pure, lovely, good, oxygenating trees died for this to come into being. [I have to admit that I was intrigued when I discovered that Perotta also wrote Little Children. Now I’ve not read that (of course), but I thought the movie was exceptional. I think that Todd Field is in the van of the few truly innovative filmmakers America has left, so it raised my hopes a bit. These same hopes were quickly bashed against the wall, melon-head exploding in slo-mo.) Let’s just get this over with so we can all go back to the good stuff. This is artless, meritless, useless drivel. The writing (grades 3-5) is so fundamentally juvenile that it just leaves me embarrassed for Perrotta. Lines like, “(S)he was a real hottie, with the nicest tits at the university” not only read like a sophomore pituitary cases’ attempts at wank-Fiction, they actually offend my too-too precious sensibilities. Well, the only reasonable answer is that I’m an elitist snob who looks down his button-nose on all he surveys. Hey, if the pince-nez fits. PLEASE JUST READ THIS PART: if you like this book/books like this/Perrotta/etc., pay me no mind. My opinion is my own and is not worth taking seriously in any way. Just think of me as Early Man at Lascaux; drawing on my cave’s walls and trying to make sense out of a universe I can’t begin to comprehend. IN FACT, if you like this/read this stuff/etc., I say, ‘bully!’ ‘Huzzah!’ You know why? Because at least you’re reading something—you’re not staring at your imagination on a 90” flat screen or scrolling through it with your thumbs on your iSOUL. If I sound like a pedant, I’m honestly not trying to. It has nothing to do with you. Or Harry Potter or Goldfinches or the many, many shades that grey apparently comes in. You’re good, I’m good, we’re all good. Live and let live. Let’s agree to disagree, shake hands, and go back to our respective sections of the communal library and crack some spines. But if I may be so bold: I’ve now willingly swam your mainstream waters, your Nile’s and Amazon’s. Would you be interested in experiencing mine, just once? It would be my honor to offer my panga. (Last point: as for the story, it’s a transparent and fundamentally bankrupt commentary on religion and suburbia—the easiest of all ‘urbias’ to shit on. Medoubts Perrotta lives in a double-wide on the Res' with that fat HBO check and all his feature film credits, but his glass house is apparently constructed out of mirrors facing-inward only). Tom Perotta’s newest book would not be a typical choice for me. I saw the movie 'Little Children' starring Kate Winslet, so I was curious when this book came out. The fact that life after The Rapture was central to the story made me that much more curious. I was not disappointed. In The Leftovers, Tom Perotta explores what would happen if The Rapture actually took place. The book opens just a short time after millions of people have just disappeared from the earth. Perotta’s characters show a var Tom Perotta’s newest book would not be a typical choice for me. I saw the movie 'Little Children' starring Kate Winslet, so I was curious when this book came out. The fact that life after The Rapture was central to the story made me that much more curious. I was not disappointed. In The Leftovers, Tom Perotta explores what would happen if The Rapture actually took place. The book opens just a short time after millions of people have just disappeared from the earth. Perotta’s characters show a variety of emotions, including indifference, avoidance, and depression. Two of the main characters even join strange cults that spring up after The Rapture. Perotta’s novel is ordinary in the sense that Justin Cronin’s novel 'The Passage' is extraordinary. Both follow apocalyptic events, yet the way life goes on after the events in the two novels could not be more different. Perotta leaves the reader feeling that even after an apocalyptic event, life would go on in a strangely normal fashion. That left me pondering the story long after it was over. I thought this audio would be decent laundry-folding entertainment, but I seriously underestimated Mr. Tom Perrotta and his awesome ability to tell a rad story!!!! This book was killer!!!!! The premise is this: A rapture-like event occurs and 2% of the population is vaporized. And it appears to have been a totally random sampling: people of all (or no) religious beliefs are taken, nice people as well as some real a$$h*les. The people who are left really can't make sense of it. Some folks get the I thought this audio would be decent laundry-folding entertainment, but I seriously underestimated Mr. Tom Perrotta and his awesome ability to tell a rad story!!!! This book was killer!!!!! The premise is this: A rapture-like event occurs and 2% of the population is vaporized. And it appears to have been a totally random sampling: people of all (or no) religious beliefs are taken, nice people as well as some real a$$h*les. The people who are left really can't make sense of it. Some folks get their acts together and carry on, and others really take a flying leap into full-on insanity. I didn't want it to end. I wish this was the first book of a twenty book series! Five stars!!! This book takes on some weighty issues but leavened with comic twists. The author plays with issues I've dealing with as I get older; my life is increasingly influenced by absences, by who and what I have lost. I remember the people who have disappeared from my life or roads not taken. Yet I also mistrust my memories of events; what was real and what were simply stories that I told myself? These are my 2 am musings. The novel also explores how people deal with losses and what things do they tell This book takes on some weighty issues but leavened with comic twists. The author plays with issues I've dealing with as I get older; my life is increasingly influenced by absences, by who and what I have lost. I remember the people who have disappeared from my life or roads not taken. Yet I also mistrust my memories of events; what was real and what were simply stories that I told myself? These are my 2 am musings. The novel also explores how people deal with losses and what things do they tell themselves to get through it. It has has funny little twists, like mandatory smoking for cult members who have a fatalistic view of the world. It was entertaining and thoughtful and I wouldn't be surprised to see it made into a movie. Find all of my reviews at: 3.5 Stars A strange phenomenon has swept the globe. People, seemingly chosen at random, simply vanished. After what is dubbed the “Sudden Departure,” those remaining are left to deal with the aftermath. The Leftovers focuses on the residents of a small town called Mapleton. Some, like Kevin, have decided to move on with life – and are maybe doing a little better or feeling a little more needed than they were before the Sudden Departure Find all of my reviews at: 3.5 Stars A strange phenomenon has swept the globe. People, seemingly chosen at random, simply vanished. After what is dubbed the “Sudden Departure,” those remaining are left to deal with the aftermath. The Leftovers focuses on the residents of a small town called Mapleton. Some, like Kevin, have decided to move on with life – and are maybe doing a little better or feeling a little more needed than they were before the Sudden Departure. Kevin’s son, Tom, decided to follow a different path and was led to a charismatic new prophet who turns out to be not such a holy man after all, but rather is one of the creepiest of creeps leading Tom to yet another new-formed group known as the Barefoot People. Kevin’s wife, Laurie, chose yet another route – joining a cult known as the Guilty Remnant. Others, like Kevin’s daughter Jill and his new love interest Nora, are spiraling just trying to figure out their place in this new world. This is the story of how these ordinary people move on in the face of extraordinary circumstances. Before reading The Leftovers, I had only read one Tom Perrotta book - Nine Inches. I’m not really a fan of the short story to begin with, so while that book had me intrigued by Perrotta’s style, it also left me wanting a little lot more. Months passed and someone recommended this book to me. I have confirmed my suspicions – Perrotta can choose any topic from a hat and roll with it to create something pretty fabulous. Don’t get me wrong, this isn’t a real life-changer, but the story flows and the characters are plentiful and interesting. Just don’t go in thinking you’ll get an answer to the “why” when it comes to people disappearing – it never happens (personally, I prefer it that way). One final thing I was reminded of while reading this book is that I should probably watch “Election” again and I definitely need to get off my duff and read the book. This one comes from the author of Election and Little Children. Yeah, those movies you sort of forgot about. After listening to an NPR interview with Perrotta, I ran out and bought the book despite it being hardcover. He came off so intelligent and likeable on the radio, and his ideas were so provoking, I couldn't help being drawn to the book. While sometimes I found his writing a bit colloquial, I really enjoyed this novel and hated to see it end. The book takes place after a Rapture-like event This one comes from the author of Election and Little Children. Yeah, those movies you sort of forgot about. After listening to an NPR interview with Perrotta, I ran out and bought the book despite it being hardcover. He came off so intelligent and likeable on the radio, and his ideas were so provoking, I couldn't help being drawn to the book. While sometimes I found his writing a bit colloquial, I really enjoyed this novel and hated to see it end. The book takes place after a Rapture-like event, but it isn't about the rapture at all. It's much more focused on what happens after these huge events - who is left behind and how do they deal? The characters in The Leftovers go about searching for meaning in their lives. Really intriguing. Apparently this is up for development as an HBO series, so I'm hopeful I get to see more of this. The Book Bench just posted an interview with Perrotta. It's worth a read. Check it out here. I dreamed dreams and saw visions! Oh wait, no I didn't. I enjoyed it briefly. Then I got to halfway and started wondering if it were going to go anyplace. Then I got farther and started wondering if it were ever, ever going to go anyplace. Then I wondered if it were going to end. Then I saw it was going to end, and I wondered if it were going to have a climax. Then, like a dull night at home, it didn’t. If this book were food, it would be carob. Carob chip cookies. Great sell I laughed! I dreamed dreams and saw visions! Oh wait, no I didn't. I enjoyed it briefly. Then I got to halfway and started wondering if it were going to go anyplace. Then I got farther and started wondering if it were ever, ever going to go anyplace. Then I wondered if it were going to end. Then I saw it was going to end, and I wondered if it were going to have a climax. Then, like a dull night at home, it didn’t. If this book were food, it would be carob. Carob chip cookies. Great sell, great build-up, I chose it, and it turned to crud in my mouth. The plot jumps around from one character to another, as is the fashion lately. As the pagination continues, the plot jumps more and more quickly, each character getting less and less time. Each mini-cliffhanger comes more and more quickly. And there are hordes of characters, each main character having his or her own attachments, and I had a hell of a time telling them apart, they were so much alike. It’s nothing, a bunch of Barbies and Kens who do the same damn thing for 355 pages, never changing, never revealing who they are, what makes them tick. Oh, what makes them tick is grief, loneliness, wanting to go back to before the disappearances of their Loved Ones, and wanting to sleep with something. They all want to sleep with something. That’s the chief end of man, to sleep with something. That shouldn’t be so hard; they are all relatively hot; but hardly anybody gets in bed; it’s so much more interesting for a novel to be full of this unfulfilled longing. At least the thing is vivid, and not completely depressing. I guess that’s the “humor” that the professional reviewers kept mentioning. I chuckled exactly twice, over the smoking and Holy Wayne. If Perrotta weren’t trying to be funny, it’d be so depressing I’d probably have stabbed it with a steak knife. This review has been hidden because it contains spoilers. To view it, What a massive premise to try and pull off. A rapture like event, where millions of people all over the planet simply evaporate. It can't be the rapture though, at least not the skewed Christian version of it, because a lot of Christians are left behind - devastated that their version of God has forsaken them, and a lot of people from varying faiths, including atheists and a few random celebrities have gone. There are some good character ideas in this book. I really liked how the minister loses What a massive premise to try and pull off. A rapture like event, where millions of people all over the planet simply evaporate. It can't be the rapture though, at least not the skewed Christian version of it, because a lot of Christians are left behind - devastated that their version of God has forsaken them, and a lot of people from varying faiths, including atheists and a few random celebrities have gone. There are some good character ideas in this book. I really liked how the minister loses the plot and starts dirt files on all the locals who departed, trying to ascertain in his own mind why has he sacrificed his life to serve a God that has left him behind? That was great, but there wasn't enough of it. One story line just left me furious at the end, and that was the story of Laurie. Laurie is a mum, married to Kevin and they have two children. No-one from her immediate family departs, only the daughter of her best friend does. So sort of in sympathy to her friend, whom she has helped grieve (maybe wallow is a better word) in the loss of her daughter they join the local cult. Lots and lots of cults have popped up all over the planet, I can realistically see something like that happening. I mean there would be a lot of questions floating around after an event like that. So her friend joins the cult and then without any explanation at all, not even a sentence devoted to it, Laurie does the same thing too. It is like the author leaves the big question unanswered (where did all these people go?), so he has a licence to leave a whole raft of other important questions and developments unanswered. It just strikes me as wrong, most people actually would not do what Laurie (a caring mum) does. There are some positive elements in the book. I really enjoyed reading about Nora, her reactions and actions, did strike me as real, as did most of the things Tom and Jill do (Lauries children). Meh, seems as good a word as any to describe how I feel about it. Tom Perrotta’s The Leftovers is a book that I really want to like. It has all of the elements of a book I enjoy, a large cast of characters, an interesting plot, and yet this book for me is a complete fail. The story is basically as follows: the post rapture - only more secularized. We’re not sure why or if the rapture actually occurred. Though, to be fair it doesn’t really matter, what matters is that people were here one moment and then gone the next. Some people are able to cope and move on, Tom Perrotta’s The Leftovers is a book that I really want to like. It has all of the elements of a book I enjoy, a large cast of characters, an interesting plot, and yet this book for me is a complete fail. The story is basically as follows: the post rapture - only more secularized. We’re not sure why or if the rapture actually occurred. Though, to be fair it doesn’t really matter, what matters is that people were here one moment and then gone the next. Some people are able to cope and move on, some are not. The book is eerily timed this season with the 10 year anniversary of 9/11 (not sure if this was intentional or not). Either way I couldn’t help but wonder whether or not if this is what it was like for those who experienced the terror of losing a loved one. Leftovers has the trappings of a much more interesting novel, it just falls short. After about 50 pages I found myself wondering: “Why do I care about this mother who willingly leaves her family in order to join a cult? Why do I care that her estranged daughter is struggling with fitting in high-school?” The answer. I wouldn’t recommend this book. I was excited because the premise is so full of promise. What would you do if someone you loved just up and vanished? What if that happened to millions of people around the world, at the very same time: regardless of religion, colour, sexual orientation, etc. The only thing that vanished that I wish I could get back, the time I spent reading this book the past week. Though promoted as a novel about The Rapture or a Rapture-like event, fifty pages in you realize The Leftovers isn’t. Tom Perrotta’s novel is about human reactions to tragedy. We don’t know why millions of people disappeared, can’t recognize a methodology or pattern to the mass disappearances, and spend none of the book pursuing answers. Perrotta tells us multiple times that no one can figure it out. Sorry, world: you just lose, and now your citizens deal with it. We go to inspirational speeches, Though promoted as a novel about The Rapture or a Rapture-like event, fifty pages in you realize The Leftovers isn’t. Tom Perrotta’s novel is about human reactions to tragedy. We don’t know why millions of people disappeared, can’t recognize a methodology or pattern to the mass disappearances, and spend none of the book pursuing answers. Perrotta tells us multiple times that no one can figure it out. Sorry, world: you just lose, and now your citizens deal with it. We go to inspirational speeches, grief counseling and A.A. We hit the bottle, seek out any company we can get, and watch obscene amounts of talk-TV. We get a mother walking fugally through her empty house and writing a journal to the son who no longer exists. Marriages break up and cities tremble. We follow a handful of people trying to make sense of their own lives in the wake of civilization’s shake-up. It’s not quite an apocalypse (The Rapture wouldn’t be, right?), but things can’t quite go back to being the same. Faithful priests left behind seek to comfort others while questioning what they did wrong; parents grieve for children whose bodies aren’t even left to bury; characters hit the road, or form sexually-liberated support groups, or simply linger. This book doesn’t push the plot forward with every page. It shouldn’t, and it exposes how shortsighted that rule is, for a book about not knowing what to do must necessarily revel in stalling out. The analogs to real life are refreshingly distinct. When the event is largely called “October 14th,” it’s hard not to think “9/11.” Perrotta eventually tackles the parallels in exposition, yet the lack of a single image or video to capture what happened, and the lack of villains to blame, turn October 14th and its “Sudden Departure” into something ultimately far more frustrating. It’s equal parts existential crisis and tragedy. The religious horror spawns an analog of the Westboro Baptist Church, the “Guilty Remnant,” a cult of people who swear vows of silence and mill around public areas to remind everyone what happened. Where it could be generic anti-Westboro fiction, Perrotta instead depicts them as some of the saddest people, and introduces the group through the lens of a husband whose wife is in that hushed crowd, having seemingly shed her gross depression for this zeal. That she’s lost so much weight, has resumed smoking and has the vigor from earlier in her life presents a more dynamic portrait of a human being than any fiction that directly tackles Westboro-like groups, and frankly, presents more dimensionality than the Westboro protestors themselves. Religion gets its stage time, as it ought to in a book using a Rapture-gimmick. Yet we use an interesting lens to see inside the fundamentalist cult: a mother who’s lost her children joins as much out of malaise as the persistence of the priest. When she becomes a Watcher, designated to essentially stalk people of suspected high-sinfulness, she pursues it for gossipy entertainment, is often bored or uneasy, and has mundane thoughts like craving chocolate or to avoid the smoking the cult insists upon. We get the typical application of religion-as-coping-mechanism, but also see it as more nuanced, in just how an individual could cope through ritual and dogma, and how in some ways it simply fails. We also see how it makes our regular world seem strange; there’s a particular double-edged humor to her shock that a Safeway has four shelves devoted to barbecue sauce. The Leftovers features an increasingly popular form of loose narrative. You’re seldom brought into the moment; chapters open with a recap of recent events, and tend to progress by recapping what happened next, and next, and so-on, focusing in on a few conversations or particular events for a page or less. This makes the bulk of the book expository. I like the style; it worked in ancient myths, in formative histories, and still works when we tell each other about our days. Perrotta makes it work by keeping most of his exposition novel, glossing over the details we can guess. The beginning is particularly strong, as recapping the October 14th tragedy feels not just valid, but a little like newscasting reportage. Yet for a book that follows specific characters over long journeys of self-discovery, there are readers who will want it to be more focused on what they actually did, and to be brought into the moment page after page. Only after the fact did I learn this was labeled the “comic novel.” I’m still uneasy with this label, and don’t wholly comprehend what it’s supposed to mean. The Leftovers, like virtually all “comic novels” I’ve read, isn’t particularly funny and never made me laugh, but I don’t know if that’s what critics intend by the label. It has its brightness, and there are some questionable things, but is a cult smoking because they acknowledge their lives are finite really comical? It could be played that way. Perrotta doesn’t seem to play it up for humor. Perhaps that’s the difference between the old literary establishment and the new one; comedy, and Twain, and Swift, and the art of actually being funny may be unfashionable. I hold none of this against Perrotta, who delivered a consummate job on his novel. In interviews he’s even conceded that this was originally a more humorous project than it became as he wrote it. Rather than a slight against the author, it’s simply a curiosity with publishers and critics. Okay so this book veered away from the show around the 75% mark and didn't come close to any of the wicked cool bizarre shit that happens in it. I love that show hard, but this book is its own entity and while I was a little disappointed at first, I got over it and was able to appreciate it for what it is. And that's only fair anyway. The Leftovers follows five characters through the aftermath of a vast, unexplained Sudden Departure in which 4% of the earth's entire population has vanished witho Okay so this book veered away from the show around the 75% mark and didn't come close to any of the wicked cool bizarre shit that happens in it. I love that show hard, but this book is its own entity and while I was a little disappointed at first, I got over it and was able to appreciate it for what it is. And that's only fair anyway. The Leftovers follows five characters through the aftermath of a vast, unexplained Sudden Departure in which 4% of the earth's entire population has vanished without a trace. In the wake of this event, strange cults and movements grow, and those left behind try to put the pieces of their shattered lives back together. But this book is not angsty or particularly dramatic. The way this tragedy impinges on each characters' life is subtlety drawn; poignant rather than sensational. It is a quiet book; tragic and sad but also ultimately uplifting. I love stories about hope everlasting,and this one--especially the end--was no exception. I highly recommend the HBO show this book has spawned as it takes the premise and expands on it, so that the weird twists and turns society has made as a result of the Sudden Departure are even more wonderfully unique and imaginative. And I recommend the book that doesn't break out of its quiet narrative like the show does, but keeps it simple (maybe too simple as some critics have said) and intensely personal. But the final message of hope and human resiliency is worth the journey. Most of Tom Perrotta's novels have been wry examinations of society and its foibles. Election, Little Children and The Abstinence Teacher each did a terrific job in chronicling the positives and negatives of human behavior. His characters aren't always sympathetic, their motivations aren't always understandable, but his books always make you think. With his newest novel, The Leftovers, Perrotta ponders an interesting question: what if the Rapture happened, but not all of the religiously devout w Most of Tom Perrotta's novels have been wry examinations of society and its foibles. Election, Little Children and The Abstinence Teacher each did a terrific job in chronicling the positives and negatives of human behavior. His characters aren't always sympathetic, their motivations aren't always understandable, but his books always make you think. With his newest novel, The Leftovers, Perrotta ponders an interesting question: what if the Rapture happened, but not all of the religiously devout were taken, but instead, a random, unexplainable group of people disappeared? How would the rest of the world cope? How would a person deal with the disappearance of a spouse, children, or parents? These are the issues that the citizens of Mapleton, a small midwestern town, are confronted with when an event called the 'Sudden Departure' affects the world. No one—not even religious leaders—can explain who was chosen and why, and no one can help those left behind to try and get on with their lives. Kevin Garvey, the mayor of Mapleton, lost none of his family to the Sudden Departure directly, but his family has fallen apart in the wake of the event. His wife, Laurie, joined a cult of survivors called the Guilty Remnant; his daughter, Jill, has started failing out of school and become promiscuous; and his son, Tom, dropped out of college to follow a questionable prophet named Holy Wayne. As Kevin tries to help the people of his town rebuild their lives, he embarks on a relationship with Nora Durst, whose husband and children were lost to the Departure. I always marvel at Perrotta's storytelling ability and the way he thinks things through. He did a great job creating a post-Rapture world without actually having you experience what happened that day, so much like the characters themselves, you don't really know what happened to those who disappeared. When I finished the book, I found myself frustrated that not one character's situation was resolved, but then I realized that this must be a metaphor for how the world felt after the Sudden Departure. (It's still frustrating to me, though, that no narrative threads were wrapped up. I like some ambiguity, but this was tough.) In the end, though, this is a well-written and tremendously captivating book, and I'm so glad Perrotta is still in fine writing form. First off I won this on a First Reads Giveaway as an Advanced Reader's issue. I really wanted to like this book. The premise sounded interesting: a Rapture-like occurrence and how the people left behind cope. I've never read anything of Mr. Perrotta's before, and chances are good that I will not be reading anything else of his if they are all like this one. Actually two stars may be generous, but I liked the concept, just not the book. It was not what I was expecting, which in itself is not a bad First off I won this on a First Reads Giveaway as an Advanced Reader's issue. I really wanted to like this book. The premise sounded interesting: a Rapture-like occurrence and how the people left behind cope. I've never read anything of Mr. Perrotta's before, and chances are good that I will not be reading anything else of his if they are all like this one. Actually two stars may be generous, but I liked the concept, just not the book. It was not what I was expecting, which in itself is not a bad thing. With the exception of a very few bright moments, I found it singularly depressing. Granted, this type of event would leave survivors awash in pain and suffering, for a time. Eventually people being what they are, some will be able to overcome and find some measure of joy in life. Except for the very end, which was dissatisfying, there was nothing but hopelessness. Despair, even. I was compelled to finish the book (I always finish even if it's horrible) but it left a bad taste in my mouth afterwards. Thankfully, I don't suffer from depression, but this book seriously put me in a gloomy frame of mind. 3 stars - It was good. Liked it, but didn’t love it. My GR friend Carmen summed it up perfectly and succinctly, “ The characters are very three-dimensional and fleshed out. It was very well written, but not especially compelling or meaningful.” You can read her review. ------------------------------------------- Favorite Quote: There's not some finite amount of pain inside us. Our bodies and minds just keep manufacturing more of it. First Sentence: Laurie Garvey hadn’t been raised to believe in 3 stars - It was good. Liked it, but didn’t love it. My GR friend Carmen summed it up perfectly and succinctly, “ The characters are very three-dimensional and fleshed out. It was very well written, but not especially compelling or meaningful.” You can read her review. ------------------------------------------- Favorite Quote: There's not some finite amount of pain inside us. Our bodies and minds just keep manufacturing more of it. First Sentence: Laurie Garvey hadn’t been raised to believe in the Rapture. When one picks up what is supposedly the masterwork of one of the most lauded literary minds of the generation, one has. High expectations. Or I did, at least. The concept of The Leftovers is simple: one day about a tenth of the population just disappears. Is it the Rapture? Is it some metaphysical phenomenon that can't be explained? Were they abducted by aliens? And fucking why? The rest of us just have to go on without closure, constantly wondering at the truth and trying to cope. Perrotta u When one picks up what is supposedly the masterwork of one of the most lauded literary minds of the generation, one has. High expectations. Or I did, at least. The concept of The Leftovers is simple: one day about a tenth of the population just disappears. Is it the Rapture? Is it some metaphysical phenomenon that can't be explained? Were they abducted by aliens? And fucking why? The rest of us just have to go on without closure, constantly wondering at the truth and trying to cope. Perrotta uses the denizens of one small town to explore how the leftovers of humanity might come to grips with this sudden, traumatic, and completely unexplained event. Pretty strong premise, right? I thought so. And to be honest, Perrotta's whole point is a character study. He wanted to explore a community without a future. He wanted to know how people would carry on without the certainty of there being anything to carry on for. But I couldn't help feeling like the aspects of the post-Rapture world he chose to focus on were not the most interesting aspects. Which was disappointing, and led to a slightly boring plot. A few moments stood out to me (spoilers ahead): - In an early chapter, a middle aged father feels uncomfortable looking at his teenage daughter's friend after she comes downstairs in her pajamas. He's 'uncomfortably aware' of her nubile teenage breasts or whatever. Definitely attracted to her. A few chapters later, the same character notices how good a woman's ass looks in her jeans, which he finds surprising because she is a 35-year-old mother of two (I hope I don't have to understand why that's infuriating). And that's when I side-eyed the book real hard. Because I did not want to spend 300+ pages dealing with the male gaze. - There's a scene where a character goes to the mall and sits in one of those massage chairs at like Brookstone or whatever. And I listened to the description via audiobook as I was driving home from work and---I shit you not---the description was so fucking compelling that I seriously considered driving to the mall so I could sit in just such a chair. And if that's not good writing, I don't know what is. - The cult leader with a bevy of teenage 'brides' is so fucking over-played. And in this story it came across as disappointingly unoriginal. Cult leaders can be crazy in all kinds of fun and exciting ways! Why does it always have to be pedophilia? - The Guilty Remnant 'smoke to profess [their] faith' yet 'aren't a cult'? What faith are they professing? And it seems frankly abuse to force people to smoke as a way of symbolizing that they don't believe they'll be around long enough to get sick, yet noooobody comments on this? The smoking seemed dumb. I guess overall this was a book about uncertainty, purposelessness, and boredom. And while that's a beautiful sentiment to express, as a result it kinda felt. Purposeless and boring. I won't belabor the point any longer. The book was fine. On October 14th, a large number of people up and disappeared. No one really knows what happened as it defied all explanation. Some were determined to label it The Rapture but as the author is quick to point out, it wasn’t purely Christians. As it happens, it appeared to be random selection. The novel primarily follows one family and how each person moved in different directions following the event. The Garvey family eventually falls apart in the aftermath of “The Sudden Departure”. Kevin stays on On October 14th, a large number of people up and disappeared. No one really knows what happened as it defied all explanation. Some were determined to label it The Rapture but as the author is quick to point out, it wasn’t purely Christians. As it happens, it appeared to be random selection. The novel primarily follows one family and how each person moved in different directions following the event. The Garvey family eventually falls apart in the aftermath of “The Sudden Departure”. Kevin stays on as mayor of their small town. His wife, Laurie, ends up joining a cult-like group named The Guilty Remnant who’s only purpose is to dress all in white, constantly smoke cigarettes and stare at those who chose to ignore that the end of the world is on its way. Their two kids, Tom and Jill, drift apart. Tom begins to follow a self-proclaimed healer named “Holy Wayne” who promises to take away the pain of any survivors and Jill befriends a delinquent student named Aimee as she begins partying it up and neglecting school. Perrotta really grabbed me when he named a select few notable people that vanished. Among the missing: Adam Sandler, The Pope, Vladimir Putin and Shaq! That’s pretty much where it ends in terms of focusing on the tragedy on a grand scale as Perrotta quickly began concentrating on the reactions of the key characters. At one point, Perrotta says of Tom, That was the obligatory question. It seemed important, though it was hard to say why. No matter where the person was when it happened, the location always struck him as eerie and poignant. When you’re talking about people vanishing while watching videos on YouTube or working out at the gym on an elliptical machine, it gave it just enough of a creepy feeling. It’s easily one of the strangest post-apocalyptic novels I’ve ever read (if you can call it that, which I chose to). Not in the sense that it was totally out there but that the author chose not to spend a whole lot of time explaining the cause or the impact globally. He also neglected to weave religion into the story in any heavy-handed way. Instead, he created the event to let these characters shine through. While not complex, they were refreshing to read in their simplicity. It probably has a lot to do with his easily digestible prose – keeping me up all hours of the night and what-not. If not for the ending, I could see giving maybe 4.5 stars. I’ve read a few reviews where people are more than satisfied with the end result but it just didn’t settle well with me. No one predicted it this time, not even Harold Camping. This Rapture took everyone by surprise. Millions suddenly just vanished. But something seemed off. For one thing, Hindus, Buddists, Jews, atheists and Jennifer Lopez were among the missing, while many pious, God-fearing Christians were. 'left behind'. In the wake of the tragedy that quickly becomes known as the 'Sudden Departure', many of those not 'taken' struggle with feelings of survivor's guilt and a sense of futility. Others try to No one predicted it this time, not even Harold Camping. This Rapture took everyone by surprise. Millions suddenly just vanished. But something seemed off. For one thing, Hindus, Buddists, Jews, atheists and Jennifer Lopez were among the missing, while many pious, God-fearing Christians were. 'left behind'. In the wake of the tragedy that quickly becomes known as the 'Sudden Departure', many of those not 'taken' struggle with feelings of survivor's guilt and a sense of futility. Others try to get on with their lives and resume normal routines. Always willing to prey on the vulnerability of others, cults form, including one led by Holy Wayne, a scoundrel who promises to 'absorb' the pain of his followers, particularly if they happen to be young, attractive females. The harmless Barefoot People give up bathing and paint bullseyes on their foreheads. Then there is the downright creepy - Guilty Remnant. They do not want the departed to be forgotten and fear that if life returns to normal, that is exactly what will happen. Their members dress in white, do not speak, and smoke cigarettes to show their faith. They follow the townspeople, attempting to serve as a constant reminder of what has happened. Most of the book revolves aroung Mayor Kevin Garvey, his wife, son and daughter. They are left relatively untouched by the 'departure', yet end up being pulled apart by apathy, unease and the lure of the cults. These characters never really came to life for me, but I found them interesting and believable. I thought this was a clever and timely concept for a book. The novel really has little to do with religion and avoids controversy in that respect. Perrotta's sense of humor helps lighten what could have been a very serious story. Now that I've finished, I'll have to give this odd book a two star rating. I'm not really sure what happened. Is there another book after this? I think I've got a few unanswered questions! Not much happened in this book. People disappeared. People went on with their lives. The interesting people were The Watchers in white - the members of the G.R. (Guilty Remnant). I needed more about them, less about Kevin and Jill. I suppose Tom's life in the cult was fairly interesting. I haven't seen much of t Now that I've finished, I'll have to give this odd book a two star rating. I'm not really sure what happened. Is there another book after this? I think I've got a few unanswered questions! Not much happened in this book. People disappeared. People went on with their lives. The interesting people were The Watchers in white - the members of the G.R. (Guilty Remnant). I needed more about them, less about Kevin and Jill. I suppose Tom's life in the cult was fairly interesting. I haven't seen much of the series. I can tell it's greatly expanded from this short book. I kept feeling this is all pointless - who are these people? Why do I care? Perhaps the series is better. This book has a very interesting premise. A million people vanish off the earth in what is deemed a 'Rapture like' event. The world is torn. Christians decide it couldn't have been the true Rapture because all sorts of people disappeared, not just God fearing Christian types. This book takes place three years after the event when people are trying to return to their normal lives. 'The Leftovers' primarily highlights a family of four; however, there are other characters who are also explored in d This book has a very interesting premise. A million people vanish off the earth in what is deemed a 'Rapture like' event. The world is torn. Christians decide it couldn't have been the true Rapture because all sorts of people disappeared, not just God fearing Christian types. This book takes place three years after the event when people are trying to return to their normal lives. 'The Leftovers' primarily highlights a family of four; however, there are other characters who are also explored in detail. In 'The Leftovers,' Perrotta comments on our collective ability to forget tragedies, and continue to play on our adult softball leagues, get our eyebrows waxed, and choose produce at the grocery store. I found that I cared about these characters, and I enjoyed thinking about the implications of such an event. Also, I think the book makes a relevant point about how we so easily forget the tragedies of our human existence. The theme of loss, in general,is sensitively portrayed. The ending is a killer, though. I would have liked to have learned more about what happens to these characters. Tom Perrotta is the bestselling author of nine works of fiction, including and, both of which were made into Oscar-nominated films, and, which was adapted into a critically acclaimed, Peabody Award-winning HBO series. His other books include,,,,, and his newest,. His work h Tom Perrotta is the bestselling author of nine works of fiction, including and, both of which were made into Oscar-nominated films, and, which was adapted into a critically acclaimed, Peabody Award-winning HBO series. His other books include,,,,, and his newest,. His work has been translated into a multitude of languages. Perrotta grew up in New Jersey and lives outside of Boston. Credit Adrian Tomine Given the subject of his new novel, “The Leftovers,” probably no one followed the story of the noted evangelical (and former Internet hottie) Harold Camping more closely than, a novelist who is to the suburban enclaves of America what Sherwood Anderson was to Ohio. I’m betting that reviews of “The Leftovers” that do not link Perrotta and Camping will be few and far between. For those of you who wasted the spring of 2011 following less substantive stories — tornadoes, nuclear meltdowns, unrest in the Mideast, the Further Adventures of Snooki — Camping is a preacher with an apocalyptic worldview, moderately hilarious dentures and strong ideas about the biblical prophecy known as the rapture. Some Christians believe that when the rapture comes, those who have accepted Jesus Christ as their personal savior will immediately be whisked off to heaven. The unbelieving majority will be left to suffer from five months to a year of war, disease and climatological upheaval. After that, the earth will go pop and any surviving pagans will, presumably, be sent straight to hell, where the temperature is high and all the piped-in music is by the Singing Senators, featuring John Ashcroft and Trent Lott. It’s hard to tell how many people actually believe in this lurid idea, but Camping’s video assurances that the rapture was going to occur on May 21, 2011, quickly went viral; one site offered a digital countdown to the big nonevent. Certainly there’s enough current interest in the End of Days to suggest that “The Leftovers,” Perrotta’s striking take on the rapture (or something like it), may be widely discussed and could become the subject of many a Sunday sermon. If so, it will deserve the attention. Tom Perrotta Credit Mark Ostow The Garvey family — Kevin, Laurie and their two children, Tom and Jill — are the Mapleton residents at the center of Perrotta’s novel, which opens three years after a rapturelike event has whisked millions of people off the face of the earth. Just how many millions Perrotta doesn’t specify, but it can’t have been too many, because the phones still work and Starbucks still dispenses coffee by the grande. Nor do all (or even most) of the missing qualify as Camping-style Christians; those raptured away include Hindus, Buddhists, Muslims, Jews and the odd alcoholic. When Tom Garvey pledges a fraternity at Syracuse, one of the brothers tells him about a rapturee from Alpha Tau Omega: “He kept a hidden camera in his bedroom... Used to tape the girls,... Then show the videos down in the TV room. One girl was so humiliated she had to leave school. Good old Chip didn’t care.”. The rapture’s failure to conform to biblical prophecy has driven some people plumb over the edge. Matt Jamison becomes chief among the rapture deniers of the remaining Mapleton population: “He wept frequently and kept up a running monologue about... How unfair it was that he’d missed the cut.” The minister’s response to this unfairness is to insist this wasn’t the real rapture, and to prove it with a newsletter full of scurrilous tittle-tattle about the disappeared. Other survivors go over the edge in different ways. The Barefoot People (young Tom Garvey eventually becomes one) believe the proper response to the mass disappearances is to party down pretty much 24/7. There’s a Healing Hug movement, led by a guru named Holy Wayne whom Perrotta memorably characterizes as “that age-old scoundrel, the Horny Man of God.” The Huggers are waiting for one of Holy Wayne’s teenage “brides” to deliver the “miracle child” who will, presumably, usher in a new age of cosmic grooviness. Far more sinister is a martyrdom-seeking cult called the Guilty Remnant. Members must take a vow of silence, wear white and brandish lighted cigarettes every time they appear in public. “We Smoke to Proclaim Our Faith,” goes their mantra (which would look perfectly at home in a dystopian Margaret Atwood novel); “Let Us Smoke.” The main jobs of Guilty Remnant members are to “watch” nonmembers — that is, stalk them — and to garner new devotees and wait for the end of the world. Laurie Garvey drifts somewhat aimlessly into this cult and then becomes subsumed by it. As “The Leftovers” winds to its almost foregone conclusion, the dismayed reader learns that smoking is the least ominous sacrament practiced by her new soul mates. Perrotta began his exploration of the stress points between religion and secular American life in his previous novel, “The Leftovers” feels like a logical, if extreme, extension of those concerns. Not every character and motivation rings perfectly true (Laurie’s conversion to the Guilty Remnant is especially troubling, since she is one of the fortunate Mapletonians not to have lost a family member), but the slow, sad drift of this suburban world into various forms of cultic extremism as a response to upheaval feels spot on. The breakdown of rationality is best expressed by the Guilty Remnant’s central imperative, stated near the beginning of the novel and then again at the end, for good measure: “Stop Wasting Your Breath.” Kevin Garvey may be Mapleton’s well-meaning mayor (and the town’s leading representative of the post-rapture Hopeful Party), but Perrotta suggests that in times of real trouble, extremism trumps logic and dialogue becomes meaningless. Read as a metaphor for the social and political splintering of American society after 9/11, it’s a chillingly accurate diagnosis. Yet the novel isn’t completely bleak. If it were, we would care no more about these characters than about the ones who populate the post-apocalyptic films. In fact, we come to care about them deeply, and Perrotta is wise enough to know that even in this bedroom-community version of Dover Beach, where ignorant suburbanites clash by night, the better angels sometimes prevail. There is Perrotta’s beautifully modulated narration to admire, too. His lines have a calm and unshowy clarity that makes the occasional breakout even more striking, as when Laurie smells a freshly unboxed takeout pizza, the aroma “as full of memories as an old song on the car radio.” Or when a suburban housewife recalls her husband’s job-related BlackBerry obsession, his mind “so absorbed in his work that he was rarely more than half there, a hologram of himself.” Lines like that offer their own form of rapture. Closed as off-topic by,,,, Feb 25 '16 at 23:23 This question appears to be off-topic. The users who voted to close gave this specific reason: • 'Questions should demonstrate reasonable business information technology management practices. Questions that relate to unsupported hardware or software platforms or unmaintained environments may not be suitable for Server Fault - see the.' – Greg Askew, MadHatter, Jim B, mdpc, Diamant If this question can be reworded to fit the rules in the, please. Sign in to vote. 0 Sign in to vote. For Ubuntu there is a pre-built binary available in the repo. Sudo apt-get install remmina. Compared to the older 'Terminal Server Client' this seems to be good with an ability to add hosts and remember it as bookmarks similar to Windows. But two things: The color seems to. Apr 13, 2014 Good Day I have a windows CE 6.0 device (Motorola MC9190) and we are using the windows RDP client to connect to a server. The problem is that the user name. Yes, you can access Ubuntu from Windows remotely. Taken from this. Follow these steps: Step 1 – Install xRDP Open Terminal ( Crtl+ Alt+ T) and execute the following commands: sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install xrdp Step 2 – Install XFCE4 ( Unity doesn't seem to support xRDP in Ubuntu 14.04; although, in Ubuntu 12.04 it was supported ). That's why we install Xfce4. Sudo apt-get install xfce4 Step 3 – Configure xRDP In this step, we modify two files to make sure xRDP uses Xfce4. First we need to create, or edit, our.xsession file in our home directory. We can either use nano or simply redirect an echo statement (easier): echo xfce4-session >~/.xsession The second file we need to edit is the startup file for xRDP, so it will start Xfce4. Sudo nano /etc/xrdp/startwm.sh The content should look like this (pay attention to the last line and ignore. /etc/X11/Xsession): #!/bin/sh if [ -r /etc/default/locale ]; then. /etc/default/locale export LANG LANGUAGE fi startxfce4 Step 4 – Restart xRDP To make all these changes effective, restart xRDP as such: sudo service xrdp restart Testing your xRDP connection On the computer that will remotely control your Ubuntu machine, start you RDP client. Windows comes standard with a Remote Desktop client (mstsc.exe – you can start it from a command prompt, or find the shortcut to Remote Desktop under Accessories). Or Search 'remote' in start (Windows 7) Or 'remote' in search box in Windows 8. Whichever client you use, most will work with either the computer network name or IP address of your Ubuntu machine. To find the IP address on your Ubuntu box, type: hostname -I (note: this is a capital “i”) Enter IP address of your Ubuntu machine. For example: Depending on your RDP client capabilities and settings (for example: Microsoft RDP Client allows automatic login), you might or might not see the login screen. Here we enter our Ubuntu username and password and click “OK” You are done,enjoy PS: There are some good points mentioned in comments, so I thought to sum them up. • If you want to access Ubuntu from outside network, you'll need your Ubuntu at work to have it's own, proper, internet IP address - a fairly unlikely scenario. To work it otherwise, you need the externally visible address of work, AND have port forwarding set to direct incoming RDP requests to your work computer on the router. () • To use the Ubuntu MATE desktop meta-session, replace last line startxfce4 in startwm.sh with mate-session. () • You can use your actual machine name (by typing hostname) rather than your IP as it might be more stable on dynamic IPs in future sessions. Odds are this will hit trouble, if the OP means from outside - your example uses a 192.168.1.* address, which is reserved for internal networks - it won't cross the internet. You'll need your Ubuntu box at work to have it's own, proper, internet IP address - a fairly unlikely scenario. To work it otherwise, you need the externally visible address of 'work', AND have port forwarding set to direct incoming RDP requests to your work computer on the router. OK if inside the network though – Mar 4 '15 at 8:42 2. MobaXterm Freeware implementation the X server on windows. No need to install anything on Ubuntu. After you connect, you start out with a shell. Then, if you start a program from the shell, e.g.: xeyes xeyes opens as a separate native Windows window. It just worked out of the box between Windows 10 and Ubuntu 16.04 through a VPN. It incurs an acceptable lag and resolution loss, even for complex applications like firefox and eclipse, but it is clearly not just dumbly streaming your desktop as video, and actually implementing X widgets. One annoyance is that if you opened the window at work, and then you get home, you have to start a new instance of the app, and you can't see the already opened window. This is made further annoying by applications that work in single window mode, e.g. Browsers: you will have to search for how to force a new instance, and then you will have two instances running. Cygwin/X GPL alternative to MobaXterm. Haven't tried it yet, but behaviour should be the same in theory: VNC I've tried the following programs, but they were sending the desktop as video, which incurred unacceptable screen resolution loss / mouse inaccuracy / network bandwidth. Servers (run on Ubuntu): • Vino. Ships pre-installed, but there are compatibility issues with some available Windows clients: Clients (run on Windows): • TigerVNC PuTTY The go-to solution if all you want is a text terminal via SSH. It is very convenient as it integrates both an xterm emulator and SSH / telnet and other protocols in a single package. Then add tmux attach to the mix, and you can use the exact same terminals on work and at home, which is awesome. There are however some annoying glitches with environment variables, particularly DISPLAY. Redemption Cemetery: Curse of the Raven Strategy Guide for iPad, iPhone, Android, Mac & PC! Get tips and hints from our handy Strategy Guide! Follow our crystal clear. Gigantis the Fire Monster/Godzilla Raids Again/The Return of Godzilla/Gojira no Gyakushu (1955/1959) **½. King Kong vs. Godzilla/Kingu Kongu tai Gojira (1962/1963) **. The Latest PC Game Cheats and Codes! 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After getting into a car accident, you wander into a mysterious graveyard while searching for help. The doors slam shut behind you and you realize that you are trapped! Escape from the eerie Redemption Cemetery by helping trapped spirits save their loved ones, and free their souls! Use your Hidden Object skills to help these ghosts and escape, in Redemption Cemetery Curse of the Raven! • Eerie atmosphere • Fantastic graphics • For a more in depth experience, check out the Collector's Edition • Get the Strategy Guide! • Check out our Blog Walkthrough. Leave it to me to find a glitch. I missed the razor wire in the office, so after I repaired the motor I did the dumb waiter thing first and threw the water on the fire in the basement. Still having the wire and the tape in my inventory, I went back to the attic to place the wire and lift the sack of grain or whatever. The switch with the fuse tells me I have to repair the motor, but I cannot get back to the motor to let me in to tape the wire together. Therefore, I have no gaff to pull out the ladder. At the end of the game, I am unable to finish. I have tried going out and coming back in, however the motor scene will not open back up so I can place the wire. How frustrating!!!!!!! I finally figured out how to open the safe. The walkthrough is incorrect. Whomever typed it does NOT know their direction well lol. COUNTER clockwise to 4 clockwise to 1 COUNTER clockwise to 7 clockwise to 2 To make sure you're doing it right as you go along. Click your left mouse button on the number you selected before moving it to the next number. If the dial does NOT move back to zero then you got to that number in the correction direction. If the dial DOES move back to zero then you went to that number in the wrong direction. 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YOU MUST DOWNLOAD FIRST THE. This is a complete point of sale and inventory system written in Visual Basic. Pwede po pahingi ng code sa POS. Visual Basic Tutorial; About Us. (description truncated) VB 6.0 Intermediate / 39693 since 9/27/2017 5:15:00 AM By 6 Users 2 Excellent Ratings School Management System with SMS Support developed using Visual Studio with MSSQL 2012 The key features of this application are as follow 1. Admission, Registration and Evaluation (Requirements Check) of students. Student Assessment Form wherein stude. (description truncated) VB 6.0 Advanced / 28777 since 2/19/2015 6:30:00 AM By 39 Users 2 Excellent Ratings It allows the end users to encode the necessary transactions for the products delivered by the supplier and the products delivered to the customer. It has necessary maintenance for the customer, products, suppliers and users for record keeping (with add. (description truncated) Please support the site by visiting our. VB 6.0 Intermediate / 21208 since 9/27/2017 5:17:18 AM By 3 Users CATHALEA PRO (Sales & Distribution) The C-Pro SND effectively manages finished goods warehousing, invoicing and delivery through Order Entry and Invoicing. Advanced Purchasing handles the entire acquisition cycle for component materials, equipment and sup. (description truncated) VB 6.0 Advanced / 18646 since 2/18/2015 4:12:00 PM By 25 Users 2 Excellent Ratings See the project for much details! VB 5.0, VB 6.0, VBA MS Access Advanced / 14416 since 2/15/2015 4:40:00 AM By 24 Users CAsh Book, Bank Book, Journal Book, Combined Book, Balance Sheet, P & L, List of Account, Features: * Works on any editions of SQL Server 2005 or later. * Installs database u. (description truncated) VB 6.0 Intermediate / 5792 since 2/21/2015 3:19:00 PM By 2 Users This code manages drug inventory, sales, and checks for stock levels on specific drugs. I built this code as my course work assignment. For any comments and improvement on my code, email me or VB 6.0 Beginner / 5700 since 2/16/2015 6:54:00 PM By 5 Users Allows you to load and view any outside XI report file from your VB6 code. VB 6.0 Intermediate / 5667 since 2/2/2015 6:06:00 AM By 39 Users This project shows you how a user login to program and access menu based on his/her level. Program will display every possibility fails message whenever user failed try to login. The chances for login are only 3 times. After that, user must try again from. (description truncated) VB 6.0 Intermediate / 5640 since 2/21/2015 7:28:00 AM By 5 Users 5 Excellent Ratings Stock Controlling System is a custom-based complete software which was specially developed for managing stock of books of Singapore Informatics Computer Institute (Pvt) Ltd. It includes great features and gives you an extensive idea of thinking beyond the. (description truncated) VB 6.0 Advanced / 5620 since 1/19/2015 1:12:00 AM By 8 Users Im sick and tired of using a third party report generator such as Crystal Reports, etc. So what i did was i mastered Data Report of Visual Basic 6 and here is sample of how to print an image to Data Report using ADO Connections. I hope you like this sampl. (description truncated) VB 6.0 Beginner / 5592 since 2/18/2015 4:51:00 PM By 3 Users Generates payroll reports all base from DTR and is use to record the daily time record of an employee. VB 6.0 Intermediate / 5550 since 2/20/2015 8:19:00 PM By 7 Users Advance POS. Complete codes. Download needed components here and run the components.bat; VB 6.0 Beginner / 5474 since 2/20/2015 12:58:00 PM By 4 Users Reservation of railway tickets online. VB 6.0 Intermediate / 5467 since 2/10/2015 4:14:00 PM By 52 Users This is a gym application that I created for my VB class. Keeps track of members, employees and inventory. This program uses MS Access with SQL DAO. VB 6.0 Advanced / 5194 since 2/14/2015 12:31:00 PM By 4 Users This Artical is in microsoft word document file. It show you how to use the DataGrid Control to make it able to view, add, delete, and edit the data in your database with less code and more effectivity. Easy and nice:) VB 5.0, VB 6.0 Beginner / 5084 since 1/28/2015 7:09:00 AM By 32 Users Fill a FlexGrid without ADODC control and without AddItem of FlexGrid Method, with a fasted time about 230% more. With Recordset.GetString() and FlexGrid.Clip methods Search Results: Page 1 of 44 found. Entries 1 - 50 of 2162 found Jump to page: 1. Compatibility Filter Profile: VB 3.0 VB 4.0 (16-bit) VB 4.0 (32-bit) VB 5.0 VB 6.0 VB Script ASP (Active Server Pages) VBA MS Access VBA MS Excel. Learn the easiest way to make simple retail billing software to create invoice for your store or small business do it in excel, No any programming skills are required. Understand the concept of billing software and you can customize this as per your requirement by creating the formulas in excel in the easiest way. You can also print the retail bill on paper and give it to the customer. Simple and Easy steps for creating a retail billing software in Microsoft excel. Step 1 -- First of all open a blank ms excel page or work sheet. Draw or create the header section which includes the business name, address, contact number, vat number etc as applicable. Step 2 -- Now create levels -- like -- SERIAL NUMBER, PRODUCT NAME, QUANTITY, RATE, AMOUNT, ETC. Color the levels name with suitable color to get a professional look. Step 3 -- Set the desired formula for each automated calculations applicable such as auto sum, multiplication of rate and quantity, amount. For creating the formula watch this video, it just require to select the desired row with appropriate multiplication, summation, of division or percentage and again select the proper column. Step 4 -- Now define the total formula by using the selection and summation soft key as shown in video. This software made on excel software is used for retail billing, for calculating cash memo of general store, medical store, hotel bill etc. This bill can also be printed on A4 size paper. Tutorial: Creating A FoxPro Application Tutorial: Creating A FoxPro Application Dr. Hicks Computer Science Department Trinity University Organize Files & Create Directories/Folders Do wnload and decompress the following FoxPro Database Files into directory C: Temp RestaurantApp 1] The contents of the initial folder should be the Rest.dbf, Rest.cdx, and Rest.fpt.(See Below!) 2] In order to easily find the wizards that we are going to use on any computer, I recommend placing at least the four screen wizard file in your directory. 3] In order to keep from having dozens of files at the root level, it is best to organize the various files for an application. Some of them will have to be kept in the root directory, but others we shall organize by topic. For example, we shall place all of our images in the BitMaps directory. We shall place all of our forms in the Forms directory. We shall place all of our Reports in the Reports directory. We shall place all of our database tables and indexes in the Data directory. We shall place all of our program code in the Programs directory. Create all of the directories that you see below. This is a very simple database application with no relationships and only a single file. For an application as simple at this, we shall not yet use the Help, Include, Libs, Menu, or Other directories. 4] I am including several of the bitmap images that I use for applications in the file below. Extract them and add them to the BitMaps folder. (See Below!) 5] Move the three rest files into the Data folder. (See Below!) 6] This should leave the folowing files/directories at the root level. (See Below!) Create A Database Project 1] Start FoxPro. Important==> Set Default to C: Temp RestaurantApp! (See Below!) 2] Using the mouse, hold down the File Menu and select New (See Below!) 2] Using the mouse, select the Project Radio button. Using the mouse, push the New File button. (See Below!) 3] If you have set the default properly, the RestaurantApp folder should be in the Save In bar at the top; Enter a project name of Rest. Using the mouse, select/push the Save button. 4] The project is now created. (See Below!) 5] This new project should have added files Rest.PJT and Rest.pjx to the root of the RestaurantApp folder. Check it out! (See Below!) Create A Database 1] Expand Data or select the data tab. Select Database. Using the mouse, select/push the New button. (See Below!) 2] Using the mouse, select/push the New Database button. (See Below!) 3] Enter Rest in the Enter Database dialog box. Using the mouse, select/push the Save button. (See Below!) 4] We now want to add all of our database tables to the database. Using the mouse, select/push the Add Table button.(See Below!) 5] Go to the Data folder and select each of your tables; only one in this application. (See Below!) 6] You database now has the Rest Table associated with it! (See Below!) You may also create new tables with the New Table button. Tables inside the database are permitted to have much longer field names. 7] The application provides easy point and click access to all databases, all tables, and all fields in the tables. 8] The view below shows the Rest table expanded in the Data tab view. Note that you can modify the table structure or browse the table from this view. (See Below!) 9] Note that this has added files Rest.DCT and Rest.DCX to the root of your application folder. (See Below!) Create The Rest Form 1] Select the Documents Tab. All Reports, Labels, and Forms are to be organized here. Using the mouse, select/push the New button. (See Below!) 2] Using the mouse, select/push the New Form button. (See Below!) 3] It is not the purpose of this tutorial to teach form or report design. Check one of my other tutorials. Create the following form. Put your name at the menu bar in place of mine. Save it as Rest in the Forms folder/directory. We shall not use all of the buttons yet! (See Below!) Special Rest Form Settings and Events • Destroy Event ==> application.visible =.T. • Get Focus Event ==> _screen.activeform.refresh • Set Closable to false • Set MaxButton to false • Set MinButton to true • Set ShowWindow to 2 - As Top Level Form • Set WindowState to 0 - Normal • Show Tips = True • Set Scroll Bars = 0 None • AutoCenter =.T. • Check Tab Order. Create Caption! Review the form design guidelines. 4] Your SelectCombo shall have the following 5 options: 5] Your OrderCombo shall have the following 2 options: Create The Search Form 1] Create the following generic Search form with your project manager. Note that it has the same two combos as were on your Rest form. Think copy and paste! The form title bar is to be Search Engine. Special Search Form Settings and Events • Always On Top =.T. • AutoCenter =.T. • Caption = Search Engine • Closable =.F. • GotFocus Event = Do SetSearchExample • MaxButton =.F. • MinButton =.F. • Name = Search • Show Tips = True • Set ShowWindow to 2 - As Top Level Form 2] Your Search By choices are to have the following 2 options: 3] Your Group To Search - Select choices are to have the following 5 options: Create The Print Form 1] Create the following generic Print form with your project manager. The combo is to have list of all the reports for your application. The form title bar is to be Report and Label Selections. The three required options for the PrintCombo are Full Report [Professionally laid out report containing all of the information about the restaurant is to go to the printer!] and NamePhone Report [Professionally laid out report containing only the Name and Phone of all restaurants is to go to the printer] and a mailing label for envelopes. Special Print Form Settings and Events • Always On Top =.T. • AutoCenter =.T. • Caption = Print Report and Label Selections • Closable =.F. • MaxButton =.F. • MinButton =.F. • Name = Print • Show Tips = True • Set ShowWindow to 2 - As Top Level Form Create The Undelete Form 1] Create the following Undelete form with your project manager. Shown in the List box are to be only those restaurants that are deleted. The form title bar is to be To Undelete, Move Cursor Into Desired Row & Select Undelete! Special Undelete Form Settings and Events • Always On Top =.T. • AutoCenter =.T. • Caption = To UnDelete, Move Cursor Into Desired Row & Select Undelete! • Closable =.F. • MaxButton =.F. • MinButton =.F. • Name = Undelete • Show Tips = True • Set ShowWindow to 2 - As Top Level Form Reports 1] Create a full report that professionally displays all of the information of the filtered restaruants with page numbers, dates, and captions. Put a divider line between each record. Call the report FullReport. Store the Reports in the Report folder. 2] Create a Name & Phone report that professionally displays the name and phone of the filtered restaruants with page numbers & dates. Yoiu may put the captions at the top of the columns if you like. Call the report NamePhone. Extra credit pt If you get the filter information on the report title as well. SKIP Not Installed On Lab - Labels - SKIP Not Installed On Lab 1] Create a mailing label that professionally displays the Name on line 1 of a label. Display the Address on line 2. Display the City, State, and Zip on line 3 of the label. Call the label Mail. Beneath The Docs Tab 1] Your application should now have the following forms, reports, and labels. (See Below!) Add Programs To Project 1] Add a main program in which to launch your application and a code file in which to store all of your button code. All forms and applications should be tested by selecting the Main and pushing the Run button. 3] Using the mouse, right click on main and select Set Main. You may also hold down the project menu and select Set Main. (See Below!) 4] Note that it is now bold. This shall be the program that is run when the executable is built. You must do this in order to create executables. (See Below!) Create A Good Start Program - Main.prg 1] Some of the system variables begin with an underscore(_). By convention, I start all of my global variables, declared in main, with a double underscore(__). It makes them easy to identify. Listed below is a screen capture of one good student's attempt to solve this problem. Depending upon how you implement your solutions, you may or may not need to use all of the same variables. There is nothing new for my students in this block of code. 2] Note that you have to path to the code.prg file that contains all of the button code. You will also have to path to the database table and the forms. To link to this poem, put the URL below into your page: Song of Myself by Walt Whitman Walt Whitman: Song of Myself The DayPoems Poetry Collection, editor Click to submit poems to DayPoems, comment on DayPoems or a poem within, comment on other poetry sites, update links, or simply get in touch.. Poetry Whirl Indexes Poetry Places Nodes powered by Open Directory Project at dmoz.org DayPoems Favorites, a huge collection of books as text, produced as a volunteer enterprise starting in 1990. 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Carducci Language: en Publisher by: John Wiley & Sons Format Available: PDF, ePub, Mobi Total Read: 35 Total Download: 189 File Size: 45,7 Mb Description: This engaging, comprehensive introduction to the field of personality psychology integrates discussion of personality theories, research, assessment techniques, and applications of specific theories. The Psychology of Personality introduces students to many important figures in the field and covers both classic and contemporary issues and research. The second edition reflects significant changes in the field but retains many of the special features that made it a textbook from which instructors found easy to teach and students found easy to learn. Bernardo Carducci’s passion for the study of personality is evident on every page. Author by: Abraham H. Maslow Language: en Publisher by: John Wiley & Sons Format Available: PDF, ePub, Mobi Total Read: 95 Total Download: 947 File Size: 45,9 Mb Description: Abraham Maslow started two revolutions in his lifetime, one in psychology and another in business. Most will remember him for his groundbreaking theories of self-actualization and the hierarchy of needs. This collection of writings introduces new readers to the key aspects of Maslow's thinking on management and human behavior in the workplace. Author by: John Sheldrake Language: en Publisher by: Cengage Learning EMEA Format Available: PDF, ePub, Mobi Total Read: 22 Total Download: 719 File Size: 42,5 Mb Description: This book brings together a broad and stimulating range of literature and academic research to provide a comprehensive, critical evaluation of the development of management theory from the late eighteenth century to the present day. It provides a clear outline of the subjecta s main themes through examination of the lives and writings of more than twenty-four key thinkers a from F.W. Taylor, Max Weber and Mary Parker Follet through to Peter Drucker, William Ouchi, Charles Handy, Geert Hofstede, Kenichi Ohmae and Rosabeth Moss Kanter. Each chapter identifies the thinkera s main contribution to management theory and also provides a critical review, discussion questions and a guide to further reading for those wishing to take their studies further. Chapters can be used as free-standing essays but patterns of interaction and influence between different thinkers are highlighted and interlinked between chapters. This text is an accessible summary of the evolution of key themes in management thought. Undergraduate and postgraduate students of business studies, management and organizational behaviour will find this book to be invaluable. It will also appeal to general readers looking for an insight into management thinking. Author by: Daniel Nelson Language: en Publisher by: Ohio State University Press Format Available: PDF, ePub, Mobi Total Read: 20 Total Download: 623 File Size: 51,7 Mb Description: 'A Mental Revolution includes eight original essays that analyze how the scientific management principles developed by legendary engineer Frederick W. Taylor have evolved and been applied since his death in 1915.' 'Taylor believed that a business or any other complex organization would operate more effectively if its practices were subjected to rigorous scientific study. His classic Principles of Scientific Management spread his ideas for organization, planning, and employee motivation throughout the industrialized world. Eupsychian Management Pdf. 4/5/2017 0 Comments Abraham Maslow. Maslow was de oudste van zeven kinderen en werd door. Need complete ebook Maslow On Management please fill out registration form to access in our. Transition,amputated livescoping with chemical sensitivity,wiley cpaexcel exam review january. Originally eupsychian management a journal is a work on industrial psychology by abraham maslow first published in 1965. But scientific management, because it required, in Taylor's words, 'a complete mental revolution,' was highly disruptive, and Taylor's famous time-motion studies, especially when applied piecemeal by many employers who did not adopt the entire system, helped make the movement enormously unpopular with the organized labor movement. Though its direct influence diminished by the 1930s, Taylorism has remained a force in American business and industry up to the present time.' 'The essays in this volume discuss some of the important people and organizations involved with Taylorism throughout this century, including Richard Feiss and Mary Barnett Gilson at Joseph & Feiss, Frank and Lillian Gilbreth, and Mary Van Kleeck, and explore the influence of scientific management at the Bedaux Company, the Link-Belt Company, and Du Pont. Chapters on the Taylor movement's influence on university business education and on Peter Drucker's theories round out the collection.' 'Written by some of the finest scholars of the scientific management movement, A Mental Revolution provides a balanced and comprehensive view of its principles, evolution, and influence on business, labor, management, and education.' --BOOK JACKET.Title Summary field provided by Blackwell North America, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Author by: Daniel A. Wren Language: en Publisher by: Oxford University Press Format Available: PDF, ePub, Mobi Total Read: 28 Total Download: 222 File Size: 41,9 Mb Description: Here is a who's who of business, thirty-one profiles of inventors, financiers, organizers, motivators, and gurus--a vivid, informative look at the history of management as seen through the lives of its most influential figures. We meet Eli Whitney, creator of the cotton gin and father of the machine tool industry, who failed to profit from his genius; Thomas Edison, who once vowed he would never invent anything he couldn't sell; and Andrew Carnegie, who applied the railroad management system to the steel industry, with spectacular results. There are profiles of such railroad giants as James J. Hill and Edward H. Harriman, and colorful portraits of Samuel Morse and Graham Bell, the two men who launched the communications industry in the U.S. The great innovators of management and organization are here as well, including the founders of systematic management, Frederick W. Taylor and Frank and Lillian Gilbreth. There's an intriguing side-by-side look at William C. Durant, builder of General Motors, a visionary but a weak manager and organizer, and Alfred P. Sloan, who gave GM the structure it needed, and provided the model for all large, multiproduct firms to come. And there are thought-provoking profiles of motivational experts Elton Mayo and Abraham Maslow; quality advocates W. Edwards Deming and Joseph Moses Juran; Taiichi Ohno, inventor of just-in-time manufacturing; and finally, Peter Drucker, the most influential management thinker of our time. This is the distilled essence of management genius, a stimulating and, at times, inspiring look at the pioneers who shaped how we do business today. The official abraham h maslow publications site includes listings of books ebooks video audio articles and links to related sites. The following is a highlighted summary of the book maslow on management published by john wiley sons inc the statements below are key points of the. A discussion of maslows hierarchy of needs implications for management and some limitations of the model. A discussion of the five hierarchy of needs in maslows hierarchy of needs from physiological through to self actualisation. Auch wenn maslow nur die oberste ebene die der selbstverwirklichung als wachstumsbedrfnis ansieht wrde ich bereits die vierte ebene die. Author by: Bernardo J. Carducci Language: en Publisher by: John Wiley & Sons Format Available: PDF, ePub, Mobi Total Read: 79 Total Download: 654 File Size: 42,8 Mb Description: This engaging, comprehensive introduction to the field of personality psychology integrates discussion of personality theories, research, assessment techniques, and applications of specific theories. The Psychology of Personality introduces students to many important figures in the field and covers both classic and contemporary issues and research. The second edition reflects significant changes in the field but retains many of the special features that made it a textbook from which instructors found easy to teach and students found easy to learn. Bernardo Carducci’s passion for the study of personality is evident on every page. Author by: Abraham H. Maslow Language: en Publisher by: John Wiley & Sons Format Available: PDF, ePub, Mobi Total Read: 51 Total Download: 273 File Size: 48,5 Mb Description: Abraham Maslow started two revolutions in his lifetime, one in psychology and another in business. Most will remember him for his groundbreaking theories of self-actualization and the hierarchy of needs. This collection of writings introduces new readers to the key aspects of Maslow's thinking on management and human behavior in the workplace. Author by: John Sheldrake Language: en Publisher by: Cengage Learning EMEA Format Available: PDF, ePub, Mobi Total Read: 97 Total Download: 288 File Size: 45,7 Mb Description: This book brings together a broad and stimulating range of literature and academic research to provide a comprehensive, critical evaluation of the development of management theory from the late eighteenth century to the present day. It provides a clear outline of the subjecta s main themes through examination of the lives and writings of more than twenty-four key thinkers a from F.W. Taylor, Max Weber and Mary Parker Follet through to Peter Drucker, William Ouchi, Charles Handy, Geert Hofstede, Kenichi Ohmae and Rosabeth Moss Kanter. Each chapter identifies the thinkera s main contribution to management theory and also provides a critical review, discussion questions and a guide to further reading for those wishing to take their studies further. Chapters can be used as free-standing essays but patterns of interaction and influence between different thinkers are highlighted and interlinked between chapters. This text is an accessible summary of the evolution of key themes in management thought. Undergraduate and postgraduate students of business studies, management and organizational behaviour will find this book to be invaluable. It will also appeal to general readers looking for an insight into management thinking. Author by: Daniel Nelson Language: en Publisher by: Ohio State University Press Format Available: PDF, ePub, Mobi Total Read: 57 Total Download: 799 File Size: 43,6 Mb Description: 'A Mental Revolution includes eight original essays that analyze how the scientific management principles developed by legendary engineer Frederick W. Taylor have evolved and been applied since his death in 1915.' 'Taylor believed that a business or any other complex organization would operate more effectively if its practices were subjected to rigorous scientific study. His classic Principles of Scientific Management spread his ideas for organization, planning, and employee motivation throughout the industrialized world. But scientific management, because it required, in Taylor's words, 'a complete mental revolution,' was highly disruptive, and Taylor's famous time-motion studies, especially when applied piecemeal by many employers who did not adopt the entire system, helped make the movement enormously unpopular with the organized labor movement. Though its direct influence diminished by the 1930s, Taylorism has remained a force in American business and industry up to the present time.' 'The essays in this volume discuss some of the important people and organizations involved with Taylorism throughout this century, including Richard Feiss and Mary Barnett Gilson at Joseph & Feiss, Frank and Lillian Gilbreth, and Mary Van Kleeck, and explore the influence of scientific management at the Bedaux Company, the Link-Belt Company, and Du Pont. Chapters on the Taylor movement's influence on university business education and on Peter Drucker's theories round out the collection.' 'Written by some of the finest scholars of the scientific management movement, A Mental Revolution provides a balanced and comprehensive view of its principles, evolution, and influence on business, labor, management, and education.' --BOOK JACKET.Title Summary field provided by Blackwell North America, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Author by: Daniel A. Wren Language: en Publisher by: Oxford University Press Format Available: PDF, ePub, Mobi Total Read: 42 Total Download: 153 File Size: 51,8 Mb Description: Here is a who's who of business, thirty-one profiles of inventors, financiers, organizers, motivators, and gurus--a vivid, informative look at the history of management as seen through the lives of its most influential figures. We meet Eli Whitney, creator of the cotton gin and father of the machine tool industry, who failed to profit from his genius; Thomas Edison, who once vowed he would never invent anything he couldn't sell; and Andrew Carnegie, who applied the railroad management system to the steel industry, with spectacular results. There are profiles of such railroad giants as James J. Hill and Edward H. Harriman, and colorful portraits of Samuel Morse and Graham Bell, the two men who launched the communications industry in the U.S. The great innovators of management and organization are here as well, including the founders of systematic management, Frederick W. Taylor and Frank and Lillian Gilbreth. There's an intriguing side-by-side look at William C. Durant, builder of General Motors, a visionary but a weak manager and organizer, and Alfred P. Sloan, who gave GM the structure it needed, and provided the model for all large, multiproduct firms to come. And there are thought-provoking profiles of motivational experts Elton Mayo and Abraham Maslow; quality advocates W. Edwards Deming and Joseph Moses Juran; Taiichi Ohno, inventor of just-in-time manufacturing; and finally, Peter Drucker, the most influential management thinker of our time. This is the distilled essence of management genius, a stimulating and, at times, inspiring look at the pioneers who shaped how we do business today. The control circuit in a household HVAC installation. The wires connecting to the blue terminal block on the upper-right of the board lead to the. The fan enclosure is directly behind the board, and the can be seen at the top of the image. The safety switch is at the bottom left.,, and ( HVAC) is the technology of indoor and vehicular environmental comfort. Its goal is to provide and acceptable. Design Expert 6 0 8 Portable Tv. 6/2/2017 0 Comments Trade Show Booth Design - TV Stand. Find expert advice along with How To videos and articles. Design Expert 6 0 8 Portable Fans. 0 Comments Free expert PDF Reader - Free download and. Processor design is the design engineering task of creating a. HVAC system design is a subdiscipline of, based on the principles of,, and. Is sometimes added to the field's abbreviation as HVAC&R or HVACR, or ventilating is dropped, as in HACR (as in the designation of HACR-rated ). HVAC is an important part of residential structures such as single family homes, apartment buildings, hotels and senior living facilities, medium to large industrial and office buildings such as and hospitals, on ships and submarines, and in marine environments, where safe and conditions are regulated with respect to temperature and humidity, using fresh air from outdoors. Ventilating or (the V in HVAC) is the process of exchanging or replacing air in any space to provide high which involves temperature control, oxygen replenishment, and removal of moisture, odors, smoke, heat, dust, airborne bacteria, carbon dioxide, and other gases. Ventilation removes unpleasant smells and excessive moisture, introduces outside air, keeps interior building air circulating, and prevents stagnation of the interior air. Ventilation includes both the exchange of air to the outside as well as circulation of air within the building. It is one of the most important factors for maintaining acceptable indoor air quality in buildings. Methods for ventilating a building may be divided into mechanical/forced and types. Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Overview [ ] The three central functions of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning are interrelated, especially with the need to provide and acceptable within reasonable installation, operation, and maintenance costs. HVAC systems can be used in both domestic and commercial environments. HVAC systems can provide, and maintain pressure relationships between spaces. The means of air delivery and removal from spaces is known as. Individual systems [ ] In modern buildings, the design, installation, and of these functions are integrated into one or more HVAC systems. For very small buildings, contractors normally estimate the capacity and type of system needed and then design the system, selecting the appropriate refrigerant and various components needed. For larger buildings, building service designers, mechanical engineers, or engineers analyze, design, and specify the HVAC systems. Specialty mechanical contractors then fabricate and commission the systems. Building permits and code-compliance inspections of the installations are normally required for all sizes of building. District networks [ ] Although HVAC is executed in individual buildings or other enclosed spaces (like underground headquarters), the equipment involved is in some cases an extension of a larger (DH) or (DC) network, or a combined DHC network. In such cases, the operating and maintenance aspects are simplified and metering becomes necessary to bill for the energy that is consumed, and in some cases energy that is returned to the larger system. For example, at a given time one building may be utilizing chilled water for air conditioning and the warm water it returns may be used in another building for heating, or for the overall heating-portion of the DHC network (likely with energy added to boost the temperature). Basing HVAC on a larger network helps provide an economy of scale that is often not possible for individual buildings, for utilizing renewable energy sources such as solar heat, winter's cold, the cooling potential in some places of for, and the enabling function of. See also: HVAC is based on inventions and discoveries made by,,,,,,,, and many others. Multiple inventions within this time frame preceded the beginnings of first comfort air conditioning system, which was designed in 1902 by Alfred Wolff (Cooper, 2003) for the New York Stock Exchange, while Willis Carrier equipped the Sacketts-Wilhems Printing Company with the process AC unit the same year. The invention of the components of HVAC systems went hand-in-hand with the, and new methods of modernization, higher efficiency, and system control are constantly being introduced by companies and inventors worldwide. Central heating unit Heaters exist for various types of fuel, including,, and. Another type of heat source is, normally heating ribbons composed of high resistance wire (see ). This principle is also used for baseboard heaters and. Electrical heaters are often used as backup or supplemental heat for systems. The gained popularity in the 1950s in Japan and the United States. Heat pumps can extract heat from, such as environmental air, exhaust air from a building, or from the ground. Initially, heat pump HVAC systems were only used in moderate climates, but with improvements in low temperature operation and reduced loads due to more efficient homes, they are increasing in popularity in cooler climates. Distribution [ ] Water / steam [ ] In the case of heated water or steam, piping is used to transport the heat to the rooms. Most modern hot water boiler heating systems have a circulator, which is a pump, to move hot water through the distribution system (as opposed to older ). The heat can be transferred to the surrounding air using, hot water coils (hydro-air), or other heat exchangers. The radiators may be mounted on walls or installed within the floor to produce floor heat. The use of water as the heat transfer medium is known as. The heated water can also supply an auxiliary heat exchanger to supply hot water for bathing and washing. Air [ ] Warm air systems distribute heated air through duct work systems of supply and return air through metal or fiberglass ducts. Many systems use the same ducts to distribute air cooled by an evaporator coil for air conditioning. The air supply is normally filtered through air cleaners to remove dust and pollen particles. Dangers [ ] The use of furnaces, space heaters, and boilers as a method of indoor heating could result in incomplete combustion and the emission of,,,, and other combustion byproducts. Incomplete combustion occurs when there is insufficient oxygen; the inputs are fuels containing various contaminants and the outputs are harmful byproducts, most dangerously carbon monoxide, which is a tasteless and odorless gas with serious adverse health effects. Without proper ventilation, carbon monoxide can be lethal at concentrations of 1000 ppm (0.1%). However, at several hundred ppm, carbon monoxide exposure induces headaches, fatigue, nausea, and vomiting. Carbon monoxide binds with hemoglobin in the blood, forming carboxyhemoglobin, reducing the blood's ability to transport oxygen. The primary health concerns associated with carbon monoxide exposure are its cardiovascular and neurobehavioral effects. Carbon monoxide can cause atherosclerosis (the hardening of arteries) and can also trigger heart attacks. Neurologically, carbon monoxide exposure reduces hand to eye coordination, vigilance, and continuous performance. It can also affect time discrimination. Ventilation [ ]. Main article: is the process of changing or replacing air in any space to control temperature or remove any combination of moisture, odors, smoke, heat, dust, airborne bacteria, or carbon dioxide, and to replenish oxygen. Ventilation includes both the exchange of air with the outside as well as circulation of air within the building. It is one of the most important factors for maintaining acceptable in buildings. Methods for ventilating a building may be divided into mechanical/forced and natural types. Mechanical or forced ventilation [ ]. HVAC ventilation exhaust for a 12-story building Mechanical, or forced, ventilation is provided by an (AHU) and used to control. Excess, odors, and contaminants can often be controlled via dilution or replacement with outside air. However, in humid climates more energy is required to remove excess moisture from ventilation air. Kitchens and bathrooms typically have mechanical exhausts to control odors and sometimes humidity. Factors in the design of such systems include the flow rate (which is a function of the fan speed and exhaust vent size) and noise level. Fans are available for many applications, and can reduce maintenance needs. Ceiling and table/floor fans circulate air within a room for the purpose of reducing the perceived temperature by increasing evaporation of perspiration on the skin of the occupants. Because hot air rises, ceiling fans may be used to keep a room warmer in the winter by circulating the warm stratified air from the ceiling to the floor. Natural ventilation [ ]. On the system, by impulsion, or the, applied to schoolrooms (1899) is the ventilation of a building with outside air without using fans or other mechanical systems. It can be via operable windows, louvers, or when spaces are small and the architecture permits. In more complex schemes, warm air is allowed to rise and flow out high building openings to the outside (), causing cool outside air to be drawn into low building openings. Natural ventilation schemes can use very little energy, but care must be taken to ensure comfort. In warm or humid climates, maintaining solely via natural ventilation might not be possible. Systems are used, either as backups or supplements. Air-side also use outside air to condition spaces, but do so using fans, ducts, dampers, and control systems to introduce and distribute cool outdoor air when appropriate. An important component of natural ventilation is air change rate or: the hourly rate of ventilation divided by the volume of the space. For example, six air changes per hour means an amount of new air, equal to the volume of the space, is added every ten minutes. For human comfort, a minimum of four air changes per hour is typical, though warehouses might have only two. Too high of an air change rate may be uncomfortable, akin to a which have thousands of changes per hour. The highest air change rates are for crowded spaces, bars, night clubs, commercial kitchens at around 30 to 50 air changes per hour. Room pressure can be either positive or negative with respect to outside the room. Positive pressure occurs when there is more air being supplied than exhausted, and is common to reduce the infiltration of outside contaminants. Airborne diseases [ ] Natural ventilation is a key factor in reducing the spread of airborne illnesses such as tuberculosis, the common cold, influenza and meningitis. Opening doors, windows, and using ceiling fans are all ways to maximize natural ventilation and reduce the risk of airborne contagion. Natural ventilation requires little maintenance and is inexpensive. Air conditioning [ ]. Main article: An air conditioning system, or a standalone air conditioner, provides cooling and for all or part of a building. Air conditioned buildings often have sealed windows, because open windows would work against the system intended to maintain constant indoor air conditions. Outside, fresh air is generally drawn into the system by a vent into the indoor heat exchanger section, creating positive air pressure. The percentage of return air made up of fresh air can usually be manipulated by adjusting the opening of this vent. Typical fresh air intake is about 10%. Air conditioning and refrigeration are provided through the removal of heat. Heat can be removed through,,. Refrigeration conduction media such as water, air, ice, and chemicals are referred to as. A refrigerant is employed either in a system in which a is used to drive thermodynamic, or in a system which uses pumps to circulate a cool refrigerant (typically water or a glycol mix). Refrigeration cycle [ ]. A simple stylized diagram of the refrigeration cycle: 1), 2), 3), 4) The refrigeration cycle uses four essential elements to cool. • The system refrigerant starts its cycle in a gaseous state. The compressor pumps the refrigerant gas up to a high pressure and temperature. • From there it enters a heat exchanger (sometimes called a condensing coil or condenser) where it loses energy (heat) to the outside, cools, and condenses into its liquid phase. • An (also called metering device) regulates the refrigerant liquid to flow at the proper rate. • The liquid refrigerant is returned to another heat exchanger where it is allowed to evaporate, hence the heat exchanger is often called an evaporating coil or evaporator. As the liquid refrigerant evaporates it absorbs energy (heat) from the inside air, returns to the compressor, and repeats the cycle. In the process, heat is absorbed from indoors and transferred outdoors, resulting in cooling of the building. In variable climates, the system may include a that switches from heating in winter to cooling in summer. By reversing the flow of refrigerant, the heat pump refrigeration cycle is changed from cooling to heating or vice versa. This allows a facility to be heated and cooled by a single piece of equipment by the same means, and with the same hardware. Free cooling [ ]. Main article: Free cooling systems can have very high efficiencies, and are sometimes combined with seasonal thermal energy storage so that the cold of winter can be used for summer air conditioning. Common storage mediums are deep aquifers or a natural underground rock mass accessed via a cluster of small-diameter, heat-exchanger-equipped boreholes, and exisiting below-ground infrastructure. Some systems with small storages are hybrids, using free cooling early in the cooling season, and later employing a heat pump to chill the circulation coming from the storage. The heat pump is added-in because the storage acts as a when the system is in cooling (as opposed to charging) mode, causing the temperature to gradually increase during the cooling season. Some systems include an 'economizer mode', which is sometimes called a 'free-cooling mode'. When economizing, the control system will open (fully or partially) the outside air damper and close (fully or partially) the return air damper. This will cause fresh, outside air to be supplied to the system. When the outside air is cooler than the demanded cool air, this will allow the demand to be met without using the mechanical supply of cooling (typically chilled water or a direct expansion 'DX' unit), thus saving energy. The control system can compare the temperature of the outside air vs. Return air, or it can compare the of the air, as is frequently done in climates where humidity is more of an issue. In both cases, the outside air must be less energetic than the return air for the system to enter the economizer mode. Split system [ ] Central, 'all-air' air-conditioning systems (or package systems) with a combined outdoor condenser/evaporator unit are often installed in North American residences, offices, and public buildings, but are difficult to retrofit (install in a building that was not designed to receive it) because of the bulky air ducts required. (Minisplit ductless systems are used in these situations.) Outside of North America, packaged systems are only used in limited applications involving large indoor space such as stadiums, theatres or exhibition halls. An alternative to packaged systems is the use of separate indoor and outdoor coils in. Split systems are preferred and widely used worldwide except in the North America. In the North America, split systems are most often seen in residential applications, but they are gaining popularity in small commercial buildings. With the split system, the evaporator coil is connected to a remote condenser unit using refrigerant piping between an indoor and outdoor unit instead of ducting air directly from the outdoor unit. Indoor units with directional vents mount onto walls, suspended from ceilings, or fit into the ceiling. Other indoor units mount inside the ceiling cavity, so that short lengths of duct handle air from the indoor unit to vents or diffusers around the rooms. Split systems are more efficient and the footprint is typically smaller than the package systems. On the other hand, package systems tend to have slightly lower indoor noise level compared to split system since the fan motor is located outside. Dehumidification [ ] Dehumidification (air drying) in an air conditioning system is provided by the evaporator. Since the evaporator operates at a temperature below the, moisture in the air condenses on the evaporator coil tubes. This moisture is collected at the bottom of the evaporator in a pan and removed by piping to a central drain or onto the ground outside. A is an air-conditioner-like device that controls the humidity of a room or building. It is often employed in basements which have a higher because of their lower temperature (and propensity for damp floors and walls). In food retailing establishments, large open chiller cabinets are highly effective at dehumidifying the internal air. Conversely, a humidifier increases the of a building. Maintenance [ ] All modern air conditioning systems, even small window package units, are equipped with internal air filters. These are generally of a lightweight gauzy material, and must be replaced or washed as conditions warrant. For example, a building in a high dust environment, or a home with furry pets, will need to have the filters changed more often than buildings without these dirt loads. Failure to replace these filters as needed will contribute to a lower heat exchange rate, resulting in wasted energy, shortened equipment life, and higher energy bills; low air flow can result in iced-over evaporator coils, which can completely stop air flow. Additionally, very dirty or plugged filters can cause overheating during a heating cycle, and can result in damage to the system or even fire. Because an air conditioner moves heat between the indoor coil and the outdoor coil, both must be kept clean. This means that, in addition to replacing the air filter at the evaporator coil, it is also necessary to regularly clean the condenser coil. Failure to keep the condenser clean will eventually result in harm to the compressor, because the condenser coil is responsible for discharging both the indoor heat (as picked up by the evaporator) and the heat generated by the electric motor driving the compressor. Energy efficiency [ ] Since the 1980s, manufacturers of HVAC equipment have been making an effort to make the systems they manufacture more efficient. This was originally driven by rising energy costs, and has more recently been driven by increased awareness of environmental issues. Additionally, improvements to the HVAC system efficiency can also help increase occupant health and productivity. In the US, the has imposed tighter restrictions over the years. There are several methods for making HVAC systems more efficient. Heating energy [ ] In the past, water heating was more efficient for heating buildings and was the standard in the United States. Today, systems can double for air conditioning and are more popular. Some benefits of forced air systems, which are now widely used in churches, schools and high-end residences, are • Better air conditioning effects • Energy savings of up to 15-20% • Even conditioning [ ] A drawback is the installation cost, which can be slightly higher than traditional HVAC systems. Energy efficiency can be improved even more in central heating systems by introducing zoned heating. This allows a more granular application of heat, similar to non-central heating systems. Zones are controlled by multiple. In water heating systems the thermostats control, and in forced air systems they control inside the vents which selectively block the flow of air. In this case, the control system is very critical to maintaining a proper temperature. Is another method of controlling building heating by calculating demand for heating energy that should be supplied to the building in each time unit. Ground source heat pump [ ]. Main article: Ground source, or geothermal, heat pumps are similar to ordinary heat pumps, but instead of transferring heat to or from outside air, they rely on the stable, even temperature of the earth to provide heating and air conditioning. Many regions experience seasonal temperature extremes, which would require large-capacity heating and cooling equipment to heat or cool buildings. For example, a conventional heat pump system used to heat a building in Montana's −70 (−57 ) low temperature or cool a building in the highest temperature ever recorded in the US—134 °F (57 °C) in, California, in 1913 would require a large amount of energy due to the extreme difference between inside and outside air temperatures. A few feet below the earth's surface, however, the ground remains at a relatively constant temperature. Utilizing this large source of relatively moderate temperature earth, a heating or cooling system's capacity can often be significantly reduced. Although ground temperatures vary according to latitude, at 6 feet (1.8 m) underground, temperatures generally only range from 45 to 75 °F (7 to 24 °C). An example of a geothermal heat pump that uses a body of water as the heat sink, is the system used by the in Chicago, Illinois. This building is situated on the, and uses cold river water by pumping it into a recirculating cooling system, where heat exchangers transfer heat from the building into the water, and then the now-warmed water is pumped back into the Chicago River. While they may be more costly to install than regular heat pumps, geothermal heat pumps can produce markedly lower energy bills – 30 to 40 percent lower, according to estimates from the US Environmental Protection Agency. [ ] Ventilation energy recovery [ ] systems sometimes utilize or systems that employ or to recover or from exhausted air. This is done by transfer of energy to the incoming outside fresh air. Air conditioning energy [ ] The performance of vapor compression refrigeration cycles is limited. These air conditioning and devices move heat rather than convert it from one form to another, so do not appropriately describe the performance of these devices. The Coefficient-of-Performance (COP) measures performance, but this dimensionless measure has not been adopted. Instead, the Energy Efficiency Ratio ( EER) has traditionally been used to characterize the performance of many HVAC systems. EER is the Energy Efficiency Ratio based on a 35 °C (95 °F) outdoor temperature. To more accurately describe the performance of air conditioning equipment over a typical cooling season a modified version of the EER, the Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio ( SEER), or in Europe the, is used. SEER ratings are based on seasonal temperature averages instead of a constant 35 °C (95 °F) outdoor temperature. The current industry minimum SEER rating is 14 SEER. Engineers have pointed out some areas where efficiency of the existing hardware could be improved. For example, the fan blades used to move the air are usually stamped from sheet metal, an economical method of manufacture, but as a result they are not aerodynamically efficient. A well-designed blade could reduce electrical power required to move the air by a third. Air filtration and cleaning [ ]. Used for heating, cooling, and filtering the air Air cleaning and filtration removes particles, contaminants, vapors and gases from the air. The filtered and cleaned air then is used in heating, ventilation and air conditioning. Air cleaning and filtration should be taken in account when protecting our building environments. Clean air delivery rate and filter performance [ ] Clean air delivery rate is the amount of clean air an air cleaner provides to a room or space. When determining CADR, the amount of airflow in a space is taken into account. For example, an air cleaner with a flow rate of 100 cfm (cubic feet per minute) and an efficiency of 50% has a CADR of 50 cfm. Along with CADR, filtration performance is very important when it comes to the air in our indoor environment. Filter performance depends on the size of the particle or fiber, the filter packing density and depth and also the air flow rate. HVAC industry and standards [ ] The HVAC industry is a worldwide enterprise, with roles including operation and maintenance, system design and construction, equipment manufacturing and sales, and in education and research. The HVAC industry was historically regulated by the manufacturers of HVAC equipment, but regulating and standards organizations such as HARDI,,,,,, and have been established to support the industry and encourage high standards and achievement. The starting point in carrying out an estimate both for cooling and heating depends on the exterior climate and interior specified conditions. However, before taking up the heat load calculation, it is necessary to find fresh air requirements for each area in detail, as is an important consideration. International [ ]:2006 is one of the building environment standards. It establishes the general principles of building environment design. It takes into account the need to provide a healthy indoor environment for the occupants as well as the need to protect the environment for future generations and promote collaboration among the various parties involved in building environmental design for sustainability. ISO16813 is applicable to new construction and the retrofit of existing buildings. The building environmental design standard aims to: • provide the constraints concerning sustainability issues from the initial stage of the design process, with building and plant life cycle to be considered together with owning and operating costs from the beginning of the design process; • assess the proposed design with rational criteria for indoor air quality, thermal comfort, acoustical comfort, visual comfort, energy efficiency and HVAC system controls at every stage of the design process; • iterate decisions and evaluations of the design throughout the design process. North America [ ] United States [ ]. Main article: In the United States, HVAC engineers generally are members of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (), EPA Universal certified (for installation and service of CFC HVAC devices), or locally engineer certified such as a Special to Chief Boilers License issued by the state or, in some jurisdictions, the city. ASHRAE is an international technical society for all individuals and organizations interested in HVAC. The Society, organized into regions, chapters, and student branches, allows exchange of HVAC knowledge and experiences for the benefit of the field's practitioners and the public. ASHRAE provides many opportunities to participate in the development of new knowledge via, for example, research and its many technical committees. These committees typically meet twice per year at the ASHRAE Annual and Winter Meetings. A popular product show, the AHR Expo, is held in conjunction with each winter meeting. The Society has approximately 50,000 members and has headquarters in. The most recognized standards for HVAC design are based on ASHRAE data. The most general of four volumes of the ASHRAE Handbook is Fundamentals; it includes heating and cooling calculations. Each volume of the ASHRAE Handbook is updated every four years. The design professional must consult ASHRAE data for the standards of design and care as the typical building codes provide little to no information on HVAC design practices; codes such as the and IMC do include much detail on installation requirements, however. Other useful reference materials include items from,, and technical trade journals. American design standards are legislated in the or International Mechanical Code. In certain states, counties, or cities, either of these codes may be adopted and amended via various legislative processes. These codes are updated and published by the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials () or the International Code Council () respectively, on a 3-year code development cycle. Typically, local building permit departments are charged with enforcement of these standards on private and certain public properties. HVAC professionals in the US can receive training through formal training institutions, where most earn. Training for HVAC technicians includes classroom lectures and hands-on tasks, and can be followed by an apprenticeship wherein the recent graduate works alongside a professional HVAC technician for a temporary period. HVAC techs who have been trained can also be certified in areas such as air conditioning, heat pumps, gas heating, and commercial refrigeration. Europe [ ] United Kingdom [ ] The is a body that covers the essential that allow buildings to operate. It includes the electrotechnical,,,, and industries. To as a, the requirements are GCSEs (A-C) / Standard Grades (1-3) in Maths and Science, which are important in measurements, planning and theory. Employers will often want a in a branch of engineering, such as building environment, electrical engineering or mechanical engineering. To become a full member of CIBSE, and so also to be registered by the as a chartered engineer, engineers must also attain an Honours Degree and a master's degree in a relevant engineering subject. CIBSE publishes several guides to HVAC design relevant to the UK market, and also the Republic of Ireland, Australia, New Zealand and Hong Kong. These guides include various recommended design criteria and standards, some of which are cited within the UK building regulations, and therefore form a legislative requirement for major building services works. Merriam–Webster Dictionary. Retrieved 2015-01-12. • Ventilation and Infiltration chapter, Fundamentals volume of the, ASHRAE, Inc., Atlanta, GA, 2005 • Designer's Guide to Ceiling-Based Air Diffusion, Rock and Zhu,, Inc.,, 2002 • Rezaie B., Rosen M.A. Applied Energy (1) Green Energy; (2)Special Section from papers presented at the 2nd International Enery 2030 Conf. 2012-10-15 at the. • Dalin P., Rubenhag A. 2012-10-15 at the. [ ] • Wong B., Thornton J. Renewable Heat Workshop. • Pauschinger T. European Sustainable Energy Week, Brussels. 18–22 June 2012. • Paksoy H., Snijders A., Stiles L. Effstock Conference -- Thermal Energy Storage for Efficiency and Sustainability (11th International. • Swenson, S. HVAC: heating, ventilating, and air conditioning. Homewood, Illinois: American Technical Publishers.. JC Heating & Cooling. • 9291 • Bearg, David W. Indoor Air Quality and HVAC Systems. New York: Lewis Publishers. • Dianat, Nazari, I,I.. International Journal of Injury Control and Promotion. Retrieved 2011-11-15. • Ventilation and Infiltration chapter, Fundamentals volume of the ASHRAE Handbook, ASHRAE, Inc., Atlanta, Georgia, 2005 •. The Engineering ToolBox. Retrieved 2012-12-12. • Bell, Geoffrey.. A Design Guide for Energy-Efficient Research Laboratories. Retrieved 2011-11-15. • Escombe, A. R.; Oeser, C. C.; Gilman, R. 'Natural ventilation for the prevention of airborne contagion'. • Tadayon, Saied; Tadayon, Bijan; Martin, David (2012-10-11).. Retrieved 2017-12-18. Retrieved 2 July 2014. • Al-Kodmany, Kheir (2013). The Future of the City: Tall Buildings and Urban Design. Retrieved 2015-09-07. • Keeping cool and green, The Economist 17 July 2010, p. 83 • ^ Howard, J (2003),,, 2003-136 • ISO.. Retrieved 2011-05-14. Retrieved 14 May 2011. Retrieved 2013-07-10. Archived from on 2011-10-06. Retrieved 2013-07-10. Further reading [ ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to. Wikimedia Commons has media related to. Wikimedia Commons has media related to. Wikimedia Commons has media related to. • at • (2012 (Second Printing)) by the International Code Council, Thomson Delmar Learning; • (August 2003) by Althouse, Turnquist, and Bracciano, Goodheart-Wilcox Publisher; 18th edition •. Filter vent blocking on best-selling light cigarettes increases smoke yield during standard machine testing but not in clinical investigations of smokers. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of (a) manipulating cigarette filter vent blocking and (b) blocking status of first cigarette of the day on carbon monoxide (CO) boost. Participants ( n = 25; Marlboro Lights nonmenthol cigarette smokers, age range 21–60 years, minimum 15 daily cigarettes, and daily smoking for a minimum 5 years) completed the laboratory-based, within-subject, double-blind, cross-over design of 2 smoking sessions, one utilizing a smoking topography device, one without. Each session consisted of smoking 4 cigarettes; 2 with filter vents blocked and 2 with filter vents unblocked. Spent first daily cigarette filters collected between sessions were scored for evidence of filter vent blocking. Smoking cigarettes with blocked filter vents significantly increased CO boost in both laboratory sessions ( p. Cigarette smoking is the single most preventable cause of death in the United States, accounting for approximately 87% of lung cancer deaths (). In particular, the incidence of lung adenocarcinoma has rapidly increased since the 1950s (). Epidemiologic evidence suggests that this increase is due largely in part to the introduction of low-nicotine, low-tar, filter-ventilated cigarettes that facilitate deeper inhalation of smoke (; ). Filter vents are tiny bands of perforations typically found 10–15 mm from the proximal end of a cigarette that dilute the concentration of cigarette smoke extracted under Federal Trade Commission (FTC) standard testing procedures (). The addition of cigarette filter vents has been the most significant design feature in low-tar cigarettes to reduce constituent yields, including carbon monoxide (CO), during official machine-smoked testing regimens, such as the FTC method (). Research on filter vent blocking in smokers indicates that the degree of ventilation affects the degree to which a cigarette is prone to increase CO boost with blocked filters and illustrates how compensatory smoking (i.e., taking bigger, more frequent puffs; ) can negate a potential reduction in exposures when smoking the highest-ventilated, lowest-tar (i.e., ultralight, 1 mg tar) cigarettes (;; ). Two different studies found that blocking vents of a less-ventilated light cigarette such as Marl- boro Lights did not produce an increase in CO boost (), but machine testing of cigarette yields has shown that blocking 50% of the filter vents in light cigarettes produces increased CO yield (), and so a paradox arises. Machine testing indicates that CO boost in light cigarettes is prone to the effects of filter vent blocking, yet in human smoking studies there is no observed increase in CO boost. The most offered reason is that smokers do not smoke like machines (; ) and decrease their puffing behaviors when smoking a blocked cigarette (). A recent study of filter vent blocking investigated changes in smoking topography, a quantifiable assessment of puffing behavior, on CO boost when smoking 1-mg-tar and light cigarettes (). Results for the highly ventilated, 1- mg-tar cigarettes support previous research: Blocking 50% of filter vents increased CO boost. However, a novel finding was that filter vent blocking also increased CO boost in the light cigarettes. We propose that this unexpected finding could be attributable to several sources. First, the procedures used directed smoking requiring eight total puffs with 45-s interpuff intervals. However, this constraint on smoking behavior is not reflective of in vivo smoking behavior and exposures. Second, the smoking topography device mouthpiece may have obfuscated typical smoking behavior, despite research to the contrary (). Third, participant brand preference may have affected the results, because brand switching studies have demonstrated changes in smoking behaviors (; ). Fourth, no studies have previously accounted for whether smokers were filter vent blockers or nonblockers, which might significantly impact how they smoke a cigarette with blocked filter vents. The primary aims of the current study were to investigate (a) the effect of blocking cigarette filter vents, using a controlled manipulation in which 50% of the filter vents are covered and (b) the effect of classifying smokers by filter vent blocking status on the first daily cigarette on CO boost. Our hypotheses were that CO boost would be greater when smoking a light cigarette with vents blocked, in relation to CO boost when smoking an unblocked light cigarette. Smokers who block filter vents when smoking their first cigarette of the day will have greater CO boost than do smokers who do not block. The secondary aims of the study were to investigate the association of smoking topography on CO boost and the effect of using a smoking topography device on smoking behaviors. We hypothesized that total puff volume, the cumulative volume of puffing during smoking, would be positively associated with CO boost and that smoking behaviors would not differ between laboratory sessions. This research has significant public health implications because light cigarettes are currently the best selling U.S. Domestic type of cigarette (), and if cigarette constituent exposure is actually greater for even a proportion of light cigarette smokers, there is potential to better characterize a significant health risk. Furthermore, the current proposal for Food and Drug Administration (FDA; the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act) regulation of tobacco products includes regulation of design and construction features, and results from this study could provide empirical support for the banning of filter ventilation (H.R. 1108 Waxman–Davis FDA legislation, Section 907). Participants Twenty-five current smokers of Marlboro Lights (ML) nonmenthol cigarettes were recruited via community flyers and prior participant lists. Eligibility required an age range of 21–60 years, minimum of 15 daily cigarettes, smoking for a minimum of 5 years, no smoking cessation attempt in the previous 4 months, no current use of nicotine-containing products (e.g., nicotine replacement therapies or smokeless tobacco), consumption of fewer than 25 alcoholic drinks per week, and self-reported smoking of Marlboro Lights cigarettes. Informed consent was obtained at the beginning of the first laboratory session. The study protocol was approved by the university institutional review board. Sessions were conducted from January to December 2006. Study Design The study was a within-subject (blocked vs. Not blocked filter vents on first daily cigarette), double-blind, cross-over design (50% cigarette filter vents blocked vs. Unblocked cigarette filter vents). Participants completed two 2.5-hr laboratory-based sessions; each session separated by 3–7 days, commencing between 10:00 and 18:00 and congruent to within 60 min. Participants entered the biobehavioral smoking laboratory, had procedures and equipment explained, and consented to their participation. There was no disclosure that ML smoking was an inclusion criterion, but participants were informed that only ML cigarettes would be provided during the sessions. Participants were informed of the filter vent blocking manipulation after Session 2. Participants completed demographic, nicotine dependence, and smoking history questions and provided a baseline CO breath sample. Participants then smoked a study ML cigarette ad libitum every 30 min, providing CO samples before and after each cigarette and completing subjective cigarette ratings after each cigarette. Participants were provided resealable plastic bags and were required to return all spent cigarette filters from 3 days between laboratory sessions. They were provided with a red marking pen and instructed to place an X on the first cigarette of the day and to consecutively number subsequent spent filters. Spent filters from the first cigarette of the day were scored for tar stain pattern to determine filter vent blocking after overnight smoking abstinence. All spent cigarette filters served as physical verification of ML smoking and daily cigarette count. Study procedures were identical for both sessions, with the exception that one session required cigarettes to be smoked with a smoking topography device and the other was videotaped; order was randomized and counterbalanced across participants. At the conclusion of the second session, participants completed a series of questions to assess knowledge of existence and purpose of cigarette filter vents (;; ). Cigarette Preparation Marlboro Lights (ML) 100s hard pack were purchased on the day of each laboratory session. This brand and type of cigarette has been used in similar research and has an advantage over a king-size (85 mm) length to allow for alterations in burn time and smoking behavior from the filter vent blocking manipulation (; ). Blocked (BL) cigarettes were prepared by placing a 13-mm-long single piece of transparent tape over the filter vents, representing 50% of the cigarette circumference and 50% of filter blocking (; ). Fifty-percent blocking was selected as indicative of a realistic upper range of filter vent blocking observed in smokers, and because of its previous use in filter vent blocking studies (; ). Previous testing of this manipulation indicates that ventilation level changes from 29% for the unblocked ML to 14% for the blocked ML (). Unblocked (UN) cigarettes had no alterations made. All four cigarettes (2 BL and 2 UN) were uniquely color coded for ease of participant reference during ratings. Both participant and technician were unaware of blocking condition; order of cigarette presentation was randomized and counterbalanced across participants. Cigarette Filter Scoring Three research technicians were trained to measure the degree of filter vent blocking with a transparent scoring template developed by; ), used by others (), and that is well suited for detecting the presence of filter vent blocking (). The template divides the proximal end of the spent cigarette filter into eight wedges, and technicians record the frequency of wedges with tar stain reaching the cigarette paper or outer edge, indicating blocking. Scoring was performed in standard-lit rooms with the aid of a 2× magnification handheld lens. Raters were university students who underwent approximately 2 hr of training on test cigarette filters. The filters of the 75 first cigarettes of the day were scored for degree of filter vent blocking. Cigarette filters scoring 0–2 wedges were considered unblocked, 3–5 partially blocked, and 6–8 blocked (). The first cigarette of each day was scored for evidence of filter vent blocking because an overnight period of smoking abstinence would represent the longest duration without smoking and thus most susceptible to filter vent blocking. Also, prior evidence suggests that smoking severity, increased subjective and physiological response, and acute tolerance relate to the first cigarette of the day (; ). Time to first cigarette of the day is a strong single-item predictor of nicotine dependence and difficulty quitting (), further supporting the examination of the first daily cigarette. Secondary Outcome: Total Puff Volume Smoking topography was assessed with the Clinical Research Support System (CReSS) desktop system (Plowshare, Baltimore MD), calibrated per the manufacturer’s instructions. The device uses a sterilized mouthpiece to hold the cigarette. The mouthpiece is attached to a pressure transducer that measures pressure changes during puffing, and software converts the signal to airflow (in milliliters per second) in real time (in seconds) and characterizes smoking behavior. The device provides a reliable and valid means of assessing smoking behavior (; ). Total puff volume, defined as the sum of all puffs taken, was a priori selected as the outcome measure for analyses. Consistent with our previous work and others’ research (; ), total puff volume is a reasonable between-subjects metric to assess smoking behavior because of individual differences in means of compensatory smoking, such as taking more puffs or larger puff volumes. Conventional Smoking Session Conventional smoking sessions, which did not use the smoking topography device, were videotaped to assess smoking behavior. Participant videotaped sessions were scored for total number of puffs, interpuff interval between each puff, and total time the cigarette was lit. Intraclass correlation coefficient analysis was performed to compare these smoking behavior characteristics to the same data from the smoking topography sessions, which are recorded by the computer software. Analytic Plan Descriptive statistics were used to characterize study participants. T tests (continuous) and chi-squared (nominal) analyses were used to identify associations between descriptive measures and filter vent blocking, with those p. Descriptive Statistics and Covariates All 25 participants who entered the study completed both sessions. The participant sample was 60% female ( n = 15), mainly Caucasian ( n = 24; n = 1 African American); 8% identified themselves as Hispanic or Latino, irrespective of race. Ninety-six percent were high school graduates; 76% had completed some college. Participants were on average 44.5 years old ( SD = 9.8; range 22–57), had started smoking at age 16.6 ( SD = 3.2; range 11–25), smoked approximately a pack of cigarettes per day ( M = 20.5; SD = 4.0; range 15–30), had moderate nicotine dependence scores as measured by the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (; M = 5.4, SD = 1.7; range 2–9), and were on average overweight (body mass index [BMI] = 29.3 kg/m 2, SD = 7.6). Self-reported daily cigarette consumption from waking until beginning of the study session did not differ by day (8.3, SD = 4.5, vs. 8.4, SD = 4.2; t= −.79, p =.44)], nor did baseline CO levels (32.8 ppm, SD = 10.5, vs. 33.6 ppm, SD = 13.9; t= −.71, p =.48). Cigarette lengths were mostly 100s ( n = 16), followed by king size ( n = 9). All participants produced a 0.00 breath alcohol reading prior to each session. Age and sex were retained as covariates because blockers tended to be younger (40.0 years, SD = 9.4, vs. 47.6 years, SD = 9.2; t = 1.99, p =.06) and male (60% vs. 27%; χ 2 = 2.8, p =.09). Daily cigarette consumption for nonblockers did not differ from that for blockers, 20.5 ( SD = 4.8) and 20.5 ( SD = 2.5), respectively. Filter Vent Blocking Status All participants were compliant with returning used cigarette filters from days between sessions and identifying their first daily cigarette with an X. A significant positive correlation between self-report daily cigarette consumption at Session 1 and returned spent cigarette filters suggests that most cigarette filters were returned ( r =.91, p =.001) Interrater reliability alpha among three raters on degree of tar stain exceeded 0.91 (excellent). Participants whose filters scored 0–2 were labeled nonblockers ( n = 15); those whose filters scored 6–8 were labeled blockers ( n = 9). One participant scored 5, 5, and 6 and was labeled a blocker. This inclusion did not affect significance for statistical testing of hypotheses. Primary Outcome Measure: CO Boost Mean CO boost measures were 4.67 ppm ( SD = 2.2) and 5.21 ppm ( SD = 2.1) for the UN and BL ML cigarettes conventional session and were 5.22 ppm ( SD = 2.4) and 6.28 ppm ( SD = 2.6) for the UN and BL ML cigarettes topography session (see ). Significant main effects indicate that the cigarette blocking condition significantly increased CO boost ( F = 15.2, p =.0007), as did session ( F = 4.3, p =.049), where greater CO boosts were observed when using the topography device. During conventional smoking, blockers smoking a BL ML cigarette had a significantly greater CO boost than when blockers smoked an UN ML and when nonblockers smoked BL or UN ML cigarettes, 6.13 ppm ( SD = 1.1), 4.75 ppm ( SD = 1.6), 4.60 ppm ( SD = 2.5), and 4.61 ppm ( SD = 2.5), respectively, F(1, 23) = 4.3, p =.04; see. Secondary Outcome Measure: Smoking Topography Regression analyses indicated a significant association between total puff volume and CO boost when smoking the unblocked cigarettes (β = 0.004, SE =.002, R 2 =.18, p =.037), and when smoking the blocked cigarettes (β = 0.005, SE =.002, R 2 =.22, p =.017). Mean total puff volume measures were 784.5 mL ( SD = 250) and 716.5 mL ( SD = 223) for the UN and BL ML cigarettes, respectively ( F = 6.7, p =.02), consistent with previous research of smokers taking larger puffs on greater ventilated cigarettes (12 and 28). Blockers smoking a BL ML cigarette took 737.5 mL total puff volume ( SD = 191), and smoking an UN ML took 830 mL total puff volume ( SD = 228); nonblockers smoking a BL ML took 703.0 mL total puff volume ( SD = 247), and smoking an UN ML took 755.5 mL total puff volume ( SD = 267), on average, F(1, 23) = 0.5, p =.47. Comparison of Smoking Sessions Intraclass correlation (ICC) coefficient analyses for absolute agreement were conducted to compare smoking behaviors between study sessions. Number of puffs ICC =.80 (95% CI =.68 –.90, p =.005), total time cigarette was lit ICC =.56 (95% CI =.38 –.73, p =.01), and interpuff interval ICC =.62 (95% CI =.46 –.78, p =.01) exceeded the minimum for good range (.40.75), suggesting that the smoking topography device was not altering participant smoking behavior. CO boost between sessions was significantly correlated ( r =.40, p =.004). Subjective Measures Participants generally did not discern between cigarette blocking conditions. Participants rated the UN ML cigarettes as having less heat ( p =.04) and easier draw ( p =.05) than the BL ML cigarettes. The observed minimal differences in subjective ratings for a light brand are consistent with previous results (; ). Nonblockers rated both cigarettes more harsh than did the blockers rating their cigarettes ( p =.01). There were no significant interactions. Most (92%) participants responded that they feel more of a reaction to the first cigarette of the day in comparison with subsequent cigarettes; 8% responded about the same. However, participants typically reported “not at all” when asked whether the first cigarette of the day made them: dizzy (60%), lightheaded (68%), high (56%), buzzed (40%), ill (92%), or nauseous (92%). Nonblockers and blockers did not differ. Knowledge of Filter Vents When asked, “What makes a light cigarette a light?”, 48% reported filter vent holes, 68% reported mild tobacco, 12% reported fast-burning paper, and 8% reported relatively little tobacco. However, no participants reported ever intentionally blocking the filter vents. When asked whether light cigarettes were better for you than were regular cigarettes, 48% reported not at all, 28% reported a little better, 12% reported moderately better, 8% reported a lot better, and 4% did not know. Discussion Results from this study demonstrate, for the second time, that filter vent blocking can alter CO boost when smokers smoke Marlboro Lights cigarettes. Similar patterns of results were observed in sessions with and without the topography device. Characterizing smokers by how they block filter vents is critical to understanding the effect of filter vent blocking on tobacco exposure. Previous work on smokers had demonstrated that blocking filter vents on highly ventilated ultralight cigarettes significantly increased CO boost but not for less-ventilated light cigarettes (; ). However, when light brands were smoked by machine testing utilizing intense puffing methods, such as those used by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts or Health Canada, filter vent blocking significantly increased CO yields. Both intense methods include blocking filter vents, 50% and 100%, respectively. By identifying those smokers who block their first daily cigarette, we were able to identify a sample of the smoking population that is prone to increased exposure, to quantify the magnitude of increased exposure, and to identify a likely mechanism, which was total puff volume. For blocking smokers, results indicate a 30% increase in CO boost when smoking a light with 50% filter blockage in relation to the UN cigarette condition. Interestingly, when examining change from in vivo filter vent blocking status, blockers had an average 14% increase in total puff volume when smoking the UN cigarette in comparison with the BL cigarette. Conversely, nonblockers had an average 6% decrease in total puff volume when smoking the BL cigarette in comparison with the UN cigarette ( t = −2.2, p =.04). Despite blockers taking approximately 100 mL larger total puff volume when smoking the UN cigarette, it did not produce increases in CO boost, further illustrating the impact that blocking filter vents has on increasing the concentration of cigarette smoke. In the case of the nonblockers, although a total puff volume decrease of 6% is modest, this is an average decrease in 45 mL, which is greater than a 35-mL puff taken during FTC testing. Furthermore, 13 of the 15 nonblockers had a decrease in total puff volume when smoking the BL cigarette, a consistent adjustment in smoking behavior of nonblockers. In their review on the incidence and consequence of filter vent blocking, reported ranges from 15% to 24% when using a saliva-staining technique to 50% when using the tar stain pattern technique used in this study. Of note, the existence of filter vent blocking is not disputed. Additionally, the percentage of filter vents blocked in a cigarette appears to have an upper end limit of approximately 50%. Baker and Lewis concluded that filter vent blocking has only a minor effect on human smoke yields, because smokers will take smaller or fewer puffs when smoking a blocked cigarette to adjust for increased smoke concentration. Therefore, machine yields are deceptive because smokers do not smoke like machines. Our results support this hypothesis of decreased puffing, but importantly only for those who do not block vents on the first cigarette of the day. An investigation replicating smokers’ smoking topography under machine-testing while measuring exposures has been informative (), but it did not consider assessing vent blocking status. Interpretation of these results should be tempered by a few study limitations. First, classification for blocker status was based on first daily cigarette and does not necessarily mean all cigarettes would be blocked. First daily cigarette was used because of previous work on the subjective responses to this cigarette and because this would be the most nicotine-deprived state. The stability of classification was high across days. However, because each participant provided a varying number of spent cigarette filters (range = 15–30), and related issues such as time of each cigarette being smoked was not assessed, creating a composite blocking score or daily blocking pattern was not practical in this study. High throughput digital imaging techniques of filter vent blocking () with portable smoking topography devices may permit this type of assessment. Furthermore, this study was limited by measuring only one marker of exposure. CO is a practical, often-used sensitive assessment for exposure from a single cigarette. Associations between CO and smoking topography have been well established (). CO levels have been positively correlated with carcinogen and tar exposure (), including 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) and 1-hydroxypyrene during investigations in smokers over extended duration. Marlboro Lights is the best-selling domestic cigarette and thus was a reasonable cigarette brand choice to initially examine. Use of the same cigarette in study sessions as the participant typically smokes allows better external validity of results and permits us to control for the effects of brand switching. However, tar stain ratings have been successfully performed on many types of filter-ventilated cigarettes (), and most light brands use similar filter vent technologies to dilute smoke concentrations. It is reasonable to hypothesize the observation of similar results in other light brand cigarettes. Investigation of smokers of several types of light brands over an extended duration assessing multiple biomarkers is ongoing. Study results have meaningful public health implications. Light brands currently account for approximately 80% of total domestic cigarette sales (). The vast majority of these utilize filter vents to achieve low yields. Twenty percent of the U.S. Adult population smoke (), approximately 43.5 million smokers. If the majority of smokers are smoking ventilated light brands and the estimates of the incidence of filter vent blocking ranges from 15% to 50% (40% in this study), then a significant proportion may be at risk for increased exposures owing to filter vent blocking. Results from our knowledge items suggest that smokers are aware of filter vents on light brand cigarettes and to their purpose, yet none self-reported blocking filter vents when they smoked. Informing about the dangers of blocking filter vents may not suffice if smokers are unaware of their behavior (). Recently, the FTC has elected to halt reporting results from testing cigarettes, acknowledging that the testing method is flawed and may mislead smokers to believe that there is decreased exposure when smoking light cigarettes. Furthermore, current proposed regulation of tobacco products (Food & Drug Administration [FDA]: H.R. 1108 Waxman– Davis FDA legislation, Section 907) includes regulation of design and construction features, and results from this study provide empirical support for consideration of the banning of filter ventilation. Results from the current study support the consideration of banning filter vents, which is the reason light cigarettes produce low yields during testing. Blocking filter vents on light cigarettes increases CO exposure in smokers, particularly for those smokers who block filter vents after overnight smoking abstinence. Cigarette filter vents create an elasticity that permits a light cigarette to test low during standard machine testing yet produce greater yields when puffed vigorously by smokers. Some have proposed a banning of cigarette filter vents (; ) because the vents permit the cigarette to produce low yields and make the cigarette taste lighter, supported with less heat and easier draw subjective ratings in this study. However, the effect of filter vent blocking on smoke exposure during light cigarette smoking had not been observed until recently (). Results from the current study are the second to provide empirical support for the effect that filter vent blocking can have when smoking light brand cigarettes and the first to identify those at greatest risk. This work was supported by National Cancer Institute Grant R01-120594 (to Andrew A. Strasser), National Cancer Institute and National Institutes on Drug Abuse Transdisciplinary Tobacco Use Research Center Grant P50 CA/DA P5084718 (Lerman, Principal Investigator and Center Director), the Pennsylvania Department of Health (Lerman), and a seed grant from the Abramson Cancer Center (to Andrew A. Kozlowski has accepted honoraria and hospitalities from manufacturers of tobacco- dependence treatments. He has worked as a paid expert witness in litigation for plaintiffs against the tobacco industry. Contributor Information Andrew A. Strasser, Transdisciplinary Tobacco Use Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Tang, Transdisciplinary Tobacco Use Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Sanborn, Transdisciplinary Tobacco Use Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Zhou, Transdisciplinary Tobacco Use Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. 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